An Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Chapter 1 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Combustion of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1.3 The Halogenation of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
1.4 Cracking Alkanes
Questions
Chapter 2 Alkenes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Making Alkenes in the Lab
2.3 The Hydrogenation of Alkenes
2.4 The Halogenation of Alkenes
2.5 Alkenes and Hydrogen Halides
2.6 Alkenes and Sulphuric Acid
2.7 Alkenes and Potassium Manganate(Ⅶ)
2.8 The Direct Hydration of Alkenes
2.9 The Polymerization of Alkenes
2.10 Epoxyethane (Ethylene Oxide)
Questions
Chapter 3 Alkynes and Conjugated Dienes
3.1 Alkynes
3.2 Conjugated Dienes
Questions
Chapter 4 Isomerism
4.1 Structural Isomerism
4.2 Stereoisomerism——Geometric Isomerism
4.3 Stereoisomerism——Optical Isomerism
Questions
Chapter 5 Aromatic Chemistry
5.1 Benzenes and Substituted Benzenes
5.2 Molecular Orbital Representation of Benzene ( MO Theory)
5.3 Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds
5.4 Benzylic Systems
Questions
Chapter 6 Halogenoalkanes
6.1 Introducing Halogenoalkanes
6.2 Making Halogenoalkanes
6.3 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Hydroxide Ions
6.4 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Cyanide Ions
6.5 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Ammonia
6.6 Reactions Involving Halogenoalkanes and Silver Nitrate Solution
6.7 An introduction to Grignard Reagents
6.8 Use of Halogenoalkanes
Questions
Chapter 7 Alcohols
7.1 Introducing Alcohols
7.2 The Manufacture of Alcohols
7.3 The Dehydration of Alcohols
7.4 Reacting Alcohols with Sodium
7.5 Replacing the ——OH Group in Alcohols by a Halogen
7.6 Oxidation of Alcohols
7.7 Esterification
7.8 The Triiodomethane(Iodoform) Reaction with Alcohols
7.9 Use of Alcohols
Questions
Chapter 8 Aldehydes and Ketones
8.1 Introducing Aldehydes and Ketones
8.2 Making Aldehydes and Ketones
8.3 Simple Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones
8.4 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.5 Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Grignard Regents
8.6 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.7 Addition-Elimination Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
8.8 The Triiodomethane (Iodoform) Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones
Questions
Chapter 9 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
9.1 Carboxylic Acids
9.2 Acyl Chlorides
9.3 Acid Anhydrides
9.4 Esters
9.5 Amides
Questions
Chapter 10 Amines and Nitriles
10.1 Introduction of Amines
10.2 Making Amines
10.3 Amines as Bases
10.4 Amines as Nucleophiles
10.5 Amines and Nitrous acid
10.6 Introducing Phenylamine
10.7 Nitriles
Questions
Chapter 11 Carbohydrates and Lipids
11.1 Carbohydrates
11.2 Lipids
Questions
Chapter 12 Amino Acids and Proteins
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Acid-Base Behaviour of Amino Acids
12.3 The Structure of Proteins
12.4 The Hydrolysis of Proteins
Questions
Reference
Appendix A List of Typical Name Reactions
Appendix B Glossary
Appendix C Useful Websites for Chemistry