认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略
作者:牛强 (作者)
出版:吉林大学出版社 2010.8
页数:350
定价:25.00 元
ISBN-13:9787560162713
ISBN-10:7560162711
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Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Cognitive theories relevant to second language acquisition
1.1 A general review of memory
1.1.1 Definition of memory: What is memory?
1.1.2 Types of memory
1.1.3 The mechanisms of memory : Register, retention and retrieval (3R)
1.1.4 Functions of Memory.. What affects what we remember?
1.2 Mental lexicon :
1.2.1 Dimensions of word knowledge: what is stored in the mental lexicon
1.2.2 Organization of the mental lexicon
1.2.3 Models of lexical access
1.2.4 The representation of a biIingual s mental lexicon
1.3 Power-law learning
1.4 Characteristics of language skill learning
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Second language acquisition: key concepts and theories
2.1 Pre-cognitive SLA period: key figures and their contributions
2.1.1 Pit Corder and error analysis
2.1.2 Larry Selinker and Interlanguage fossilization
2.1.3 Stephen Krashen and his famous five hypotheses
2.1.4 Swain s Comprehensible Output hypothesis
2.1.5 Language transfer and mother tongue interference
2.1.6 Individual Differences or learner characteristics
2.2 Post-cognitive SLA period: representatives and their areas of research
2.2.1 Explicit knowledge versus implicit knowledge
2.2.2 Richard Sehmidt s Attention hypothesis
2.2.3 Maclaughlin s information processing model
2.2.4 Anderson s Adaptive Control of Thought (ACT) model
2.2.5 Fodor and Modularity
2.2.6 Connectionist model of SLA
2.2.7 MacWhinney s Competition Model
2.2.8 Pienemann and Processability theory
2.2.9 Nick Ellis and the Chunking Strategy in SLA
2.2.10 Bialystok s Analysis-Control model and distinction between analyzed and unanalyzed knowledge 114
2. 2.11 VanPattem s Input and output hypothesis
Conclusion
Chapter 3 From Language Acquisition to Foreign Language Learning
3.1 From Language Acquisition to Foreign Language Learning
3.2 Left-hemisphere lateralization and Plasticity
3.3 Chomsky and his Universal Grammar
3.4 Language Learning: Types of comparisons and contrast
3.4.1 Child first language acquisition vs adult foreign language learning
3.4.2 Child second language acquisition vs adult second language acquisition
3.4.3 Second language acquisition vs foreign language learning
3.5 A pedagogical implication: Age of Acquisition
3.5.1 language and Cognition: the effects of multilingualism
3.5.2 The Mediated Role of Language in the Development of Human Higher Mental Functions
3.5.3 Different approaches to learners of different ages
3.5.4 Implication: language planning in China
Conclusion
Chapter 4 Implications of cognitive theories for SLA: metacognitive strategies for FLL
4.1 Change of orientation on learner strategy research
4.2 Need of strategy instruction and learner autonomy
4.3 Ways to raise learners consciousness of learner strategies
4.4 Metaognifive strategies in teaching grammar
4.4.1 GrAmmatical knowledge versus grammatical competence
4.4.2 Linguistic grammar versus pedagogic grammar
4.4.3 Grammar core and grammar peripherals
4.4.4 Comprehension ability and production ability
4.4.5 A tentative approach to grammar teaching
4.5 Metacognitive strategies in teaching vocabulary
4.5.1 Types of vocabulary
4.5.2 Metacoguitive strategies in converting receptive vocabulary into productive vocabulary
Conclusion
Chapter 5 The Optimal Input and Optimal Output hypothesis
5.1 Psychological basis
5.1.1 Relation between language and thought
5.2 The optimal input hypothesis
5.2.1 The role of input
5.2.2 Characteristics of optimal input
5.3 The Optimal Output hypothesis
5.3.1 The role of output
5.3.2 Types of output
5.3.3 A Pedagogical Implication : Learning from output
Conclusion
Chapter 6 Foreign Language Teaching methodologies
6.1 The Grammar-Translation method
6.2 The Direct method
6.3 The Oral approach or the Situational language teaching
6.4 The Audiolingual Method
6.5 Communicative Language Teaching
6.6 Total Physical Response (TPR)
6.7 The Silent Way ..
6.8 Community Language Learning
6.9 The Natural Approach
6.10 Suggestopedia
6.11 Teaching English through movies —— a Holistie Approach
Conclusion
Chapter 7 Foreign Language Testing
7.1 Types of tests and their functions
7.2 Backwash Effect
7.3 Criteria of tests
7.4 Interpreting test scores
7.4.1 Measures of Central Tendency
7.4.2 Measures of Dispersion
7.5 Item Analysis
7.6 A Sample of erroneous Multiple Choice Questions
7.7 A summary of the principles we should observe in designing good MCQ items
Bibliography
牛强,1968年8月生于辽宁省沈阳市,1996年硕士毕业于吉林大学英语系,1999年6月博士毕业于上海外国语大学,1999年一2005年任教同济大学,2005年至今任教长春大学。2008年8月一2009年8月访学美国卡耐基梅陇大学心理学系记忆力实验室。主要研究方向为心理语言学和第二语言习得研究,已教授研究生课程《心理语言学》和《外语教学与测试》,本科生《教师技能培训》《英语学习技巧》等多门课程。
《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》内容包括认知心理学、心理语言学、二语习得理论、外语教学法和外语测试五个方面的知识。是外语研究者和外语工作者应该了解和具备的元语言、元认知知识的总和。掌握这些知识,将帮助广大外语教学解开一些迷惑,如石化现象发生的认知原因是什么?有意识记忆力和无意识记忆力的工作原理是怎样的?遗忘是怎样产生的?如何有意识缩短孵化期使理解和产生能力同时得到发展?技能习得遵循怎样的规律?外语教学史上都经历过那些教学法演变?学生吸收何种输入、产出何种输出才能将输入最大化、最优化地转化为输出?通过影视习得英语中,应采取哪些影视作品和方法?外语测试的基本概念和特点以及出外语多项选择题的注意事项?如何使学生达到课外学习自主?等一系列外语学习策略的问题。
《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》特点:
1.《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》将认知心理学、第二语言习得、外语教学法和外语测试的理论综合于一体。
2.《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》不但涵盖了二语习得的经典理论,也介绍了最新研究成果。
3.《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》不是对西方理论进行简单的梳理,而是将西方先进的认知二语习得成果应用于中国母语环境下的英语教学,提出了一些新的理论和学习策略。
4.《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》针对中国英语学习环境而论,因此,一些理论如formal instruction和强调social interaction的理论,不是《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》重点。
创新点:
《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》为我国认知二语习得理论的本土化应用研究,做了一个初步尝试。
1.我们首次将二语习得理论划分为前认知(Pre-cognitive)和后认知(Post-cognitive)理论阶段,从而使读者对二语研究由90年代前以研究客体——目的语为主,转向90年代后研究主体——学习者认知特点为主的过渡,一目了然。
2.我们提出了一系列的认知策略,并以词汇和语法教学为例,分别说明如何将接受性技能转化为产出型技能。《认知二语习得理论本土化研究:中国英语教学认知策略》提出的认知策略有:故意/有意注意策略、重复式、间隔式输入策略、关键词策略、词块学习策略、概念排除策略、变化语境策略、及时产出策略。这些策略是针对学习者主体而言。要实施这些策略,还要通过客体——输入和输出的特点和分类得以实现,从而实现将输入最大化、最优化地转化为输出的外语学习目的。
3.在输入研究上,基于Krashen理论和信息加工特点,我们拓展增加了最佳语言输入的特点。
4.在输出研究上,基于Swain理论和自动化特点,我们提出了五种输出类别以及各自功能,比便避免由自动化而产生的石化。
5.教学法上,我们提出了实现以上理论模式的,利用影视英语教学的整体教学法(Holistic Approach),并提出了利用电影教学的认知策略。
6.通过最新习得起始年龄研究,我们提出了我国语言规划的政策和出路之一是缩短外语教育时间,并提出了平衡普通话、方言和英语教育关系的长远政治意义。
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