丛书总序
中文导读
Preface
Text Credits
Chapter 1 Assessment Concepts and Issues
Assessment and Testing
Measurement and Evaluation
Assessment and Learning
Informal and Formal Assessment
Formative and Summative Assessment
Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests
Types and Purposes of Assessment
Achievement Tests
Diagnostic Tests
Placement Tests
Proficiency Tests
Aptitude Tests
Issues in Language Assessment： Then and Now
Behavioral Influences on Language Testing
Integrative Approaches
Communicative Language Testing
Performance-Based Assessment
Current "Hot Topics" in Classroom-Based Assessment
Multiple Intelligences
Traditional and Alternative Assessment
Computer-Based Testing
Other Current Issues
Exercises
For Your Further Reading
Chapter 2 Principles of Language Assessment
Practicality
Reliability
Student-Related Reliability
Rater Reliability
Test Administration Reliability
Test Reliability
Validity
Content-Related Evidence
Criterion Related Evidence
Construct-Related Evidence
ConsequentiaI Validity （Impact）
Face Validity
Authenticity
Washback
Applying Principles to the Evaluation of Classroom Tests
1. Are the test procedures practical?
2. Is the test itself reliable?
3. Can you ensure rater reliability?
4. Does the procedure demonstrate content validity?
5. Has the impact of the test been carefully accounted for?
6. Is the procedure "biased for best"?
7. Are the test tasks as authentic as possible?
8. Does the test offer beneficial washback to the learner?
Exercises
For Your Further Reading
Chapter 3 Designing Classroom Language Tests
Four Assessment Scenarios
Scenario 1： Reading Quiz
Scenario 2： Grammar Unit Test
Scenario 3： Midterm Essay
Scenario 4： Listening/Speaking Final Exam
Determining the Purpose of a Test
Designing Clear, Unambiguous Objectives
Drawing Up Test Specifications
Devising Test Items
Designing Multiple-Choice Items
1. Design each item to measure a single objective.
2. State both stem and options as simply and directly as possible.
3. Make certain that the intended answer is clearly the only correct one.
4. （Optional） Use item indices to accept, discard, or revise items.
Administering the Test
Scoring, Grading, and Giving Feedback
Scoring
……
Chapter 4 Standards-Based Assessment
Chapter 5 Standardized Testing
Chapter 6 Beyond Tests： Alternatives in Assessment
Chapter 7 Assessing Listening
Chapter 8 Assessing Speaking
Chapter 9 Assessing Reading
Chapter 10 Assessing Writing
Chapter 11 Assessing Grammar and Vocabulary
Chapter 12 Grading and Student Evaluation
Appendix： Commercial Tests
Glossary
Bibliography
Name Index
Subject Index
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