跨文化间的交流
Preface
part one Communication and Intercultural Competence
1 Introduction to Intercultural Competence
The Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Economic Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Technological Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Demographic Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Peace Imperative for Intercultural Competence
Communication
Defining Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Interpersonal Communication
The Challenge of Communicating in an Intercultural World
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
2 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Culture
Defining Culture for the Study of Communication
Culture and Related Terms
Why Cultures Differ
Forces That Maintain Cultural Differences
The Interrelatedness of Cultural Forces
Intercultural Communication
Examples of Intercultural Interactions
Similarities and Differences between Communicators
Definition of Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication and Related Terms
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
3 Intercultural Communication Competence
The United States as an Intercultural Community
Metaphors of U.S. Cultural Diversity
What Do You Call Someone from the United States of America?
Cultural Groups in the United States
Competence and Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication Competence
The Components of Intercultural Competence
Basic Tools for Improving Intercultural Competence
The BASICs of Intercultural Competence
Description， Interpretation， and Evaluation
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part two Cultural Differences in Communication
4 Cultural Patterns and Communication! Foundations
Defining Cultural Patterns
Components of Cultural Patterns
Beliefs
Values
Norms
Social Practices
Characteristics of Cultural Patterns
The Functions of Cultural Patterns
An Overview of Cultural Patterns
Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
5 Cultural Patterns and Communication： Taxonomies
Halls High-and Low-Context Cultural Taxonomy
Use of Covert and Overt Messages
Importance of Ingroups and Outgroups
Orientation to Time
Hofstedes Cultural Taxonomy
Individualism versus Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Long-Term versus Short-Term Time Orientation
Comparing Hofs.tedes Five Dimensions
Confucian Cultural Patterns
Cultural Taxonomies and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
6 Cultural Identity， Cultural Biases， and Intercultural Contact
Cultural Identity
The Nature of Identity
The Formation of Cultural Identity
Characteristics of Cultural Identity
Cultural Biases
Social Categorizing
Ethnocentrism
Stereotyping
Prejudice
Discrimination
Racism
Intercultural Contact
Dominance and Subordination between Groups
Attitudes among Cultural Members
Outcomes of Intercultural Contact
Becoming an Interculturally Competent Communicator
Identity， Biases， Contact， and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part three Coding Intercultural Communication
7 Verbal Intercultural Communication
The Power of Language in Intercultural Communication
Definition of Verbal Codes
The Features of Language
Rule-Systems in Verbal Codes
Interpretation and Intercultural Communication
Language， Thought， Culture， and Intercultural Communication
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity
Language and Intercultural Communication
Verbal Codes and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
8 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Definition of Nonverbal Codes
Characteristics of Nonverbal Codes
Relationship of Nonverbal to Verbal Communication
Cultural Universals in Nonverbal Communication
Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Messages in Intercultural Communication
Body Movements
Space
Touch
Time
Voice
Other Nonverbal Code Systems
Synchrony of Nonverbal Communication Codes
Nonverbal Communication and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
9 The Effects of Code Usage in Intercultural Communication
Preferences in the Organization of Verbal Codes
Organizational Preferences in the Use of U.S. English
Organizational Preferences in Other Languages and Cultures
Cultural Variations in Persuasion
Persuasion in Intercultural Encounters
Cultural Differences in What Is Acceptable as Evidence
Cultural Differences in What Is Considered Reasonable
Cultural Differences in Styles of Persuasion
Cultural Variations in the Structure of Conversations
Value of Talk and Silence
Rules for Conversations
Effects of Code Usage on Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part four Communication in Intercultural Relationships
10 Intercultural Competence in Interpersonal Relationships
Cultural Variations in Interpersonal Relationships
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships
Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships
The Maintenance of Face in Interpersonal Relationships
Types of Face Needs
Facework and Interpersonal Communication
Facework and Intercultural Communication
Improving Intercultural Relationships
Learning about People from Other Cultures
Sharing Oneself with People from Other Cultures
Handling Differences in Intercultural Relationships
Interpersonal Relationships and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
11 Episodes， Contexts， and Intercultural Interactions
Social Episodes in Intercultural Relationships
The Nature of Social Episodes
Components of Social Episodes
Contexts for Intercultural Communication
The Health Care Context
The Educational Context
The Business Context
Episodes， Contexts， and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
12 The Potential for Intercultural Competence
The Ethics of Intercultural Competence
When in Rome...
Are Cultural Values Relative or Universal?
Do the Ends Justify the Means?
Ethics--Your Choices
The Perils and Prospects for Intercultural Competence
Impact of National and International Events on Intercultural Communication
Forces That Pull Us Together and Apart
Summary
Concluding Remarks
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Resources
Intercultural Films
Online Resources
Notes
Photo Credits
Text Credits
Author Index
Subject Index
part one Communication and Intercultural Competence
1 Introduction to Intercultural Competence
The Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Economic Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Technological Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Demographic Imperative for Intercultural Competence
The Peace Imperative for Intercultural Competence
Communication
Defining Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Interpersonal Communication
The Challenge of Communicating in an Intercultural World
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
2 Culture and Intercultural Communication
Culture
Defining Culture for the Study of Communication
Culture and Related Terms
Why Cultures Differ
Forces That Maintain Cultural Differences
The Interrelatedness of Cultural Forces
Intercultural Communication
Examples of Intercultural Interactions
Similarities and Differences between Communicators
Definition of Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication and Related Terms
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
3 Intercultural Communication Competence
The United States as an Intercultural Community
Metaphors of U.S. Cultural Diversity
What Do You Call Someone from the United States of America?
Cultural Groups in the United States
Competence and Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication Competence
The Components of Intercultural Competence
Basic Tools for Improving Intercultural Competence
The BASICs of Intercultural Competence
Description， Interpretation， and Evaluation
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part two Cultural Differences in Communication
4 Cultural Patterns and Communication! Foundations
Defining Cultural Patterns
Components of Cultural Patterns
Beliefs
Values
Norms
Social Practices
Characteristics of Cultural Patterns
The Functions of Cultural Patterns
An Overview of Cultural Patterns
Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
5 Cultural Patterns and Communication： Taxonomies
Halls High-and Low-Context Cultural Taxonomy
Use of Covert and Overt Messages
Importance of Ingroups and Outgroups
Orientation to Time
Hofstedes Cultural Taxonomy
Individualism versus Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
Masculinity versus Femininity
Long-Term versus Short-Term Time Orientation
Comparing Hofs.tedes Five Dimensions
Confucian Cultural Patterns
Cultural Taxonomies and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
6 Cultural Identity， Cultural Biases， and Intercultural Contact
Cultural Identity
The Nature of Identity
The Formation of Cultural Identity
Characteristics of Cultural Identity
Cultural Biases
Social Categorizing
Ethnocentrism
Stereotyping
Prejudice
Discrimination
Racism
Intercultural Contact
Dominance and Subordination between Groups
Attitudes among Cultural Members
Outcomes of Intercultural Contact
Becoming an Interculturally Competent Communicator
Identity， Biases， Contact， and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part three Coding Intercultural Communication
7 Verbal Intercultural Communication
The Power of Language in Intercultural Communication
Definition of Verbal Codes
The Features of Language
Rule-Systems in Verbal Codes
Interpretation and Intercultural Communication
Language， Thought， Culture， and Intercultural Communication
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity
Language and Intercultural Communication
Verbal Codes and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
8 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication
Definition of Nonverbal Codes
Characteristics of Nonverbal Codes
Relationship of Nonverbal to Verbal Communication
Cultural Universals in Nonverbal Communication
Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Messages in Intercultural Communication
Body Movements
Space
Touch
Time
Voice
Other Nonverbal Code Systems
Synchrony of Nonverbal Communication Codes
Nonverbal Communication and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
9 The Effects of Code Usage in Intercultural Communication
Preferences in the Organization of Verbal Codes
Organizational Preferences in the Use of U.S. English
Organizational Preferences in Other Languages and Cultures
Cultural Variations in Persuasion
Persuasion in Intercultural Encounters
Cultural Differences in What Is Acceptable as Evidence
Cultural Differences in What Is Considered Reasonable
Cultural Differences in Styles of Persuasion
Cultural Variations in the Structure of Conversations
Value of Talk and Silence
Rules for Conversations
Effects of Code Usage on Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
part four Communication in Intercultural Relationships
10 Intercultural Competence in Interpersonal Relationships
Cultural Variations in Interpersonal Relationships
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships
Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships
The Maintenance of Face in Interpersonal Relationships
Types of Face Needs
Facework and Interpersonal Communication
Facework and Intercultural Communication
Improving Intercultural Relationships
Learning about People from Other Cultures
Sharing Oneself with People from Other Cultures
Handling Differences in Intercultural Relationships
Interpersonal Relationships and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
11 Episodes， Contexts， and Intercultural Interactions
Social Episodes in Intercultural Relationships
The Nature of Social Episodes
Components of Social Episodes
Contexts for Intercultural Communication
The Health Care Context
The Educational Context
The Business Context
Episodes， Contexts， and Intercultural Competence
Summary
For Discussion
For Further Reading
12 The Potential for Intercultural Competence
The Ethics of Intercultural Competence
When in Rome...
Are Cultural Values Relative or Universal?
Do the Ends Justify the Means?
Ethics--Your Choices
The Perils and Prospects for Intercultural Competence
Impact of National and International Events on Intercultural Communication
Forces That Pull Us Together and Apart
Summary
Concluding Remarks
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Resources
Intercultural Films
Online Resources
Notes
Photo Credits
Text Credits
Author Index
Subject Index
Stella Tin9—Toomey，华盛顿大学博士，现任加利福尼亚州州立大学富尔顿分校人类交际研究学教授。主要教授跨文化交际学理论、跨文化交际培训与设计、跨文化以及人际冲突管理。她的研究兴趣集中在测试和改良面子观一协商理论以及冲突方式中的文化／种族认同协商理论探索方面。Tin9—Toomey至今编撰了15本书(另有一本教师手册和一本交互式学生学习指导)。
除本书外，她最新的著作包括：《了解跨文化交际))(与Leeva C．Chung合著；Roxbury／Oxford University Press出版)，《有效地管理跨文化冲突》(与Iohn G．Oetzel合著；Sage出版)，Sage跨文化系列丛书《交际冲突手册》(与Iohn G．Oetzel合编；Sage出版)。此外，她还在专业学术期刊上(如International lournal of Intercultural Relations，Communication Monographs以及Communication Research等)发表了70余篇学术论文。
作者在跨文化交际领域中享有权威的地位，在十五个以上的编委会担任过要职。曾多次作为主要发言人受邀参加在德国、爱尔兰、挪威、葡萄牙、中国、中国香港、日本、加拿大以及美国各地举办的跨文化交际学会议。作为一名培训者、咨询师和持证仲裁人，Ting-Toomey博士也曾为公司、大学以及非营利机构举办过各式各样的跨文化冲突管理能力研修班。
除本书外，她最新的著作包括：《了解跨文化交际))(与Leeva C．Chung合著；Roxbury／Oxford University Press出版)，《有效地管理跨文化冲突》(与Iohn G．Oetzel合著；Sage出版)，Sage跨文化系列丛书《交际冲突手册》(与Iohn G．Oetzel合编；Sage出版)。此外，她还在专业学术期刊上(如International lournal of Intercultural Relations，Communication Monographs以及Communication Research等)发表了70余篇学术论文。
作者在跨文化交际领域中享有权威的地位，在十五个以上的编委会担任过要职。曾多次作为主要发言人受邀参加在德国、爱尔兰、挪威、葡萄牙、中国、中国香港、日本、加拿大以及美国各地举办的跨文化交际学会议。作为一名培训者、咨询师和持证仲裁人，Ting-Toomey博士也曾为公司、大学以及非营利机构举办过各式各样的跨文化冲突管理能力研修班。
Leo Thayer(1979)曾说过：“我们今天所面临的(人类沟通问题)与两个世纪前孔子所思考的问题没有本质上的不同”；只有“完全彻底了解沟通现象”之后才能找到解决冲突的方法。为此，跨文化交际学学者和研究者们一直在不懈努力，期望能更充分地解析交际的复杂过程。本书作者Stella Tin9—Toomey就是涉足此领域较早的学者之一，她长期不懈的努力使人们对多个跨文化交际问题的了解更加全面深入，特别是在研究种族／民族认同、跨文化冲突管理、文化认同和跨文化“面子观”等方面，她发展的理论获得了广泛赞誉。
《文化间的交流))正是融合了Tin9—Toomey多年的教学研究成果和实地调查经验的一本基础读物。作者在前言中指出本书有五大特点：1、全书由统一主题——“留心(Mindfulness)”概念贯穿；2、介绍了一个涵盖知识、动机和技巧等多方面内容的理论诠释模型；3、从第三章到第十章，每章结尾处都提供了简单可行的建议，指导读者如何将所学知识和技巧应用在实际的跨文化交际中；4、本书多个章节采用图示或表格处理关键概念和理论，易于读者理解概念间的相互关系，形成视觉记忆；5、本书采用的是跨学科的视角。在林林总总的跨文化入门著作中，本书围绕一个核心概念、两条理论主线组织信息的方式，以及注重理论联系实际的写作指导思想，可谓独具特色。
《文化间的交流))正是融合了Tin9—Toomey多年的教学研究成果和实地调查经验的一本基础读物。作者在前言中指出本书有五大特点：1、全书由统一主题——“留心(Mindfulness)”概念贯穿；2、介绍了一个涵盖知识、动机和技巧等多方面内容的理论诠释模型；3、从第三章到第十章，每章结尾处都提供了简单可行的建议，指导读者如何将所学知识和技巧应用在实际的跨文化交际中；4、本书多个章节采用图示或表格处理关键概念和理论，易于读者理解概念间的相互关系，形成视觉记忆；5、本书采用的是跨学科的视角。在林林总总的跨文化入门著作中，本书围绕一个核心概念、两条理论主线组织信息的方式，以及注重理论联系实际的写作指导思想，可谓独具特色。
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