语言共性和语言类型

目 录内容简介
导读
Preface to the second edtion
Preface to thefirst edition
PrefacetOthe secondprinting
1 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS
1.1 APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE UNIVERSALs
1.1.1 Ttoo major approaches
1.1.2 The data base
1.1.3 Dqrees ofabstracmtss
1.2 CLAUIFICATION OF LANGUAGg UNIVERSALS
1.2.1 Formal and substantive universals
1.2.2 Implicational and non-implicational universals
1.2.3 Absolute universals and tendencies
1.3 EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS
1.3.1 Commongenetic origin
1.3.2 External explanations
1.4 SUMMARY
Notes and references
2 LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY
2.1 TYPOLOGY AND UNIVERSALS
2.2 TYlPIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
2.3 MOP.PHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY
2.4 SOME FURTHER TYPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Notes and references
3 THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES
3.1 SEMANTIC ROLES
3.2 PRAGMATIC ROLES
3.3 GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS
3.4 MORPHOLOGICAL CASES
3.5 ILLUSTRATION:ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
CLAUSE STRUCTURE
Notes and references
4 WORD ORDER
4.1 WORD ORDBR PARAMETERS
4.2 CORRELATIONS AMONG WORD ORDER PARAMETErs
4.2.1 Greenberg’s correlations
4.2.2 Generalizations of Greenbergs results
4.2.3 Critique ofthegeneralizations
4.3 THE VALUE OF WORD ORDER TYPOLOGY
Notes and references
5 SUBJECT
5.1 THE PROBLEM
5.2 ON DEFINITIONS AND CATBGPRIES
5.3 ERGATIVITY
5.4 SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FACTORS
Notes and references
6 CASE MARKING
6.1 THE DISCRIMINATORY FUNCTION OF CASES
6.2 NATURAL INFORMATION FLOW IN THE
TRANSITIVE CONSTRUCTION
6.2.1 lnverseforms
6.2.2 Differential marking of A and P
6.3 SUMMARY
Notes and references
7 RELATIVE CLAUSES
7. 1 SOME TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH RELATIVE CLAUSES
7.2 TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE
7.2. 1 Defining the notion relative clause
7.2.2 Word order and relative clause types
7.2.3 The role of the head in the relative clause
7.2.4 The role of the head in the main clause
7.3 ACCESSIBILITY TO RELATIVE CLAUSE FORMATION
7.3. 1 Simplex sentences
7.3.2 Complex constructions
7.3.3 The distribution of relative clause types Notes and references
8 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
8. 1 PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY OF CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
8. 1. 1 Formal parameters
8. 1 .2 Semantic parameters
8.2 VALENCY CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES Notes and references
9 ANIMACY
9.1 INTRODUCTION : THE NATURE OF ANIMACY
9.2 PHENOMENA CONTROLLED BY ANIMACY
9.3 CONCEPTUAL ANIMACY DISTINCTIONS
9.4 CONCLUSIONS" THE NATURE OF ANIMACY Notes and references
10 TYPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
10.1 DIACHRONIC DIMENSIONS IN UNIVERSALS AND TYPOLOGY
10.2 AREAL TYPOLOGY
10.3 TYPOLOGY AND RECONSTRUCTION
10.3.1 Word order typology
10.3.2 Word order and morpheme order
10.4 TYPOLOGY AND DIACHRONIC EXPLANATION Notes and references
11 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS
Map showing location of languages cited
References
Index of languages
Index of proper
Index of topics
Preface to the second edtion
Preface to thefirst edition
PrefacetOthe secondprinting
1 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS
1.1 APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE UNIVERSALs
1.1.1 Ttoo major approaches
1.1.2 The data base
1.1.3 Dqrees ofabstracmtss
1.2 CLAUIFICATION OF LANGUAGg UNIVERSALS
1.2.1 Formal and substantive universals
1.2.2 Implicational and non-implicational universals
1.2.3 Absolute universals and tendencies
1.3 EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS
1.3.1 Commongenetic origin
1.3.2 External explanations
1.4 SUMMARY
Notes and references
2 LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY
2.1 TYPOLOGY AND UNIVERSALS
2.2 TYlPIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
2.3 MOP.PHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY
2.4 SOME FURTHER TYPOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Notes and references
3 THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES
3.1 SEMANTIC ROLES
3.2 PRAGMATIC ROLES
3.3 GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS
3.4 MORPHOLOGICAL CASES
3.5 ILLUSTRATION:ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
CLAUSE STRUCTURE
Notes and references
4 WORD ORDER
4.1 WORD ORDBR PARAMETERS
4.2 CORRELATIONS AMONG WORD ORDER PARAMETErs
4.2.1 Greenberg’s correlations
4.2.2 Generalizations of Greenbergs results
4.2.3 Critique ofthegeneralizations
4.3 THE VALUE OF WORD ORDER TYPOLOGY
Notes and references
5 SUBJECT
5.1 THE PROBLEM
5.2 ON DEFINITIONS AND CATBGPRIES
5.3 ERGATIVITY
5.4 SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC FACTORS
Notes and references
6 CASE MARKING
6.1 THE DISCRIMINATORY FUNCTION OF CASES
6.2 NATURAL INFORMATION FLOW IN THE
TRANSITIVE CONSTRUCTION
6.2.1 lnverseforms
6.2.2 Differential marking of A and P
6.3 SUMMARY
Notes and references
7 RELATIVE CLAUSES
7. 1 SOME TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH RELATIVE CLAUSES
7.2 TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSE
7.2. 1 Defining the notion relative clause
7.2.2 Word order and relative clause types
7.2.3 The role of the head in the relative clause
7.2.4 The role of the head in the main clause
7.3 ACCESSIBILITY TO RELATIVE CLAUSE FORMATION
7.3. 1 Simplex sentences
7.3.2 Complex constructions
7.3.3 The distribution of relative clause types Notes and references
8 CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
8. 1 PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY OF CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
8. 1. 1 Formal parameters
8. 1 .2 Semantic parameters
8.2 VALENCY CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSATIVES Notes and references
9 ANIMACY
9.1 INTRODUCTION : THE NATURE OF ANIMACY
9.2 PHENOMENA CONTROLLED BY ANIMACY
9.3 CONCEPTUAL ANIMACY DISTINCTIONS
9.4 CONCLUSIONS" THE NATURE OF ANIMACY Notes and references
10 TYPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
10.1 DIACHRONIC DIMENSIONS IN UNIVERSALS AND TYPOLOGY
10.2 AREAL TYPOLOGY
10.3 TYPOLOGY AND RECONSTRUCTION
10.3.1 Word order typology
10.3.2 Word order and morpheme order
10.4 TYPOLOGY AND DIACHRONIC EXPLANATION Notes and references
11 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS
Map showing location of languages cited
References
Index of languages
Index of proper
Index of topics
目 录内容简介
《语言共性和语言类型》区别于一般导论教科书的特点是并非面面俱到,而是对某些有趣的论题作较为深入的探讨,因此可读性比较强,并可以从中学到更多实质性的分析和研究思路。此外,由于《语言共性和语言类型》举例丰富,也可以增强我国读者对语言多样性的认识,大大开阔视野。
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