现代电力系统分析（第3版）
Preface to Third Edition
Preface to First Edition
1. Introduction
1.1 A Perspective
1.2 Structure of Power Systems
1.3 Conventional Sources of Electric Energy
1.4 Renewable Energy Sources
1.5 Energy Storage
1.6 Growth of Power Systems in India
1.7 Energy Conservation
1.8 Deregulation
1.9 Distributed and Dispersed Generation
1.10 Environmental Aspects of Electric Energy Generation
1.11 Power System Engineers and Power System Studies 3!
1.12 Use of Computers and Microprocessors
1.13 Problems Facing Indian Power Industry and its Choices
References
2. Inductance and Resistance of Transmission Lines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Inductance
2.3 Flux Linkages of an Isolated Current-Carrying Conductor
2.4 Inductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire Line
2.5 Conductor Types
2.6 Flux Linkages of one Conductor in a Group
2.7 Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines
2.8 Inductance of Three-Phase Lines
2.9 Double-Circuit Three-Phase Lines
2.10 Bundled Conductors
2.11 Resistance
2.12 Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
Problems
References
3. Capacitance of Transmission Lines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electric Field of a Long Straight Conductor
3.3 Potential Difference between two Conductors of a Group of Parallel Conductors
3.4 Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
3.5 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing
3.6 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing
3.7 Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance
3.8 Method of GMD (Modified)
3.9 Bundled Conductors
Problems
References
4. Representation of Power System Components
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Single-phase Solution of Balanced Three-phase Networks
4.3 One-Line Diagram and Impedance or Reactance Diagram
4.4 Per Unit (PU) System
4.5 Complex Power
4.6 Synchronous Machine
4.7 Representation of Loads
Problems
References
5. Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Short Transmission Line
5.3 Medium Transmission Line
5.4 The Long Transmission Line——Rigorous Solution
5.5 Interpretation of the Long Line Equations
5.6 Ferranti Effect
5.7 Tuned Power Lines
5.8 The Equivalent Circuit of a Long Line
5.9 Power Flow through a Transmission Line
5.10 Methods of Voltage Control
Problems
References
6. Load Flow Studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Network Model Formulation
6.3 Formation of YBus by Singular Transformation
6.4 Load Flow Problem
6.5 Gauss-Seidel Method
6.6 Newton-Raphson (NR) Method
6.7 Decoupled Load Flow Methods
6.8 Comparison of Load Flow Methods
6.9 Control of Voltage Profile
Problems
References
7. 0 ptimal System Operation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Optimal Operation of Generators on a Bus Bar
7.3 Optimal Unit Commitment (UC)
7.4 Reliability Considerations
7.5 Optimum Generation Scheduling
7.6 Optimal Load Flow Solution
7.7 Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal System
Problems
References
8. Automatic Generation and Voltage Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Load Frequency Control (Single Area Case)
8.3 Load Frequency Control and Economic Despatch Control
8.4 Two-Area Load Frequency Control
8.5 Optimal (Two-Area) Load Frequency Control
8.6 Automatic Voltage Control
8.7 Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs)
8.8 Speed Governor Dead-Band and Its Effect on AGC
8.9 Digital LF Controllers
8.10 Decentralized Control
Problems
References
9. Symmetrical Fault Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transient on a Transmission Line
9.3 Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine (On No Load)
9.4 Short Circuit of a Loaded Synchronous Machine
9.5 SeIection of Circuit Breakers
9.6 Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
9.7 ZBusFormulation
Problems
References
10. Symmetrical Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Symmetrical Component Transformation
10.3 Phase Shift in Star-Delta Transformers
10.4 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.5 Sequence Impedances and Sequence Network of Power System
10.6 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Synchronous Machine
10.7 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.8 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Transformers
10.9 Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
Problems
References
11. Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults
11.3 Single Line-To-Ground (LG) Fault
11.4 Line-To-Line (LL) Fault
11.5 Double Line-To-Ground (LLG) Fault
11.6 Open Conductor Faults
11.7 Bus Impedance Matrix Method For Analysis of Unsymmetrical Shunt Faults
Problems
References
12. Power System Stability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
12.3 Power Angle Equation
12.4 Node Elimination Technique
12.5 Simple Systems
12.6 Steady State Stability
12.7 Transient Stability
12.8 Equal Area Criterion
12.9 Numerical Solution of Swing Equation
12.10 Multimachine Stability
12.11 Some Factors Affecting Transient Stability
Problems
References
13. Power System Security
13.1 Introduction
13.2 System State Classification
13.3 Security Analysis
13.4 Contingency Analysis
13.5 Sensitivity Factors
13.6 Power System Voltage Stability
References
14. An Introduction to State Estimation of Power Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Least Squares Estimation： The Basic Solution
14.3 Static State Estimation of Power
Systems
14.4 Tracking State Estimation of Power Systems
14.5 Some Computational Considerations
14.6 External System Equivalencing
14.7 Treatment of Bad Data
14.8 Network Observability and Pseudo-Measurements
14.9 Application of Power System State Estimation 5.5
Problems
References
15. Compensation in Power Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Loading Capability
15.3 Load Compensation
15.4 Line Compensation
15.5 Series Compensation
15.6 Shunt Compensators
15.7 Comparison between STATCOM and SVC
15.8 Flexible AC Transmission Systeins (FACTS) 56~
15.9 Principle and Operation of Converters
15.10 Facts Controllers
References
16. Load Forecasting Technique
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Forecasting Methodology
16.3 Estimation of Average and Trend Terms
16.4 Estimation of Periodic Components
16.5 Estimation of Ys (k)： Time Series Approach
16.6 Estimation of Stochastic Component： Kalman Filtering Approach
16.7 Long-Term Load Predictions Using Econometric Models
16.8 Reactive Load Forecast
References
17. Voltage Stability
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Comparison of Angle and Voltage Stability
17.3 Reactive Power Flow and Voltage Collapse
17.4 Mathematical Formulation of Voltage Stability Problem
17.5 Voltage Stability Analysis
17.6 Prevention of Voltage Collapse
17.7 State-of-the-Art， Future Trends and Challenges
References
Appendix A： Introduction to Vector and Matrix Algebra
Appendix B： Generalized Circuit Constants
Appendix C： Triangular Factorization and Optimal Ordering
Appendix D： Elements of Power System Jacobian Matrix
Appendix E： Kuhn.Tucker Theorem
Appendix F： Real-time Computer Control of Power Systems
Appendix G： Introduction to MATLAB and SIMULINK
Answers to Problems
Index
Preface to First Edition
1. Introduction
1.1 A Perspective
1.2 Structure of Power Systems
1.3 Conventional Sources of Electric Energy
1.4 Renewable Energy Sources
1.5 Energy Storage
1.6 Growth of Power Systems in India
1.7 Energy Conservation
1.8 Deregulation
1.9 Distributed and Dispersed Generation
1.10 Environmental Aspects of Electric Energy Generation
1.11 Power System Engineers and Power System Studies 3!
1.12 Use of Computers and Microprocessors
1.13 Problems Facing Indian Power Industry and its Choices
References
2. Inductance and Resistance of Transmission Lines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Inductance
2.3 Flux Linkages of an Isolated Current-Carrying Conductor
2.4 Inductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire Line
2.5 Conductor Types
2.6 Flux Linkages of one Conductor in a Group
2.7 Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines
2.8 Inductance of Three-Phase Lines
2.9 Double-Circuit Three-Phase Lines
2.10 Bundled Conductors
2.11 Resistance
2.12 Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
Problems
References
3. Capacitance of Transmission Lines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electric Field of a Long Straight Conductor
3.3 Potential Difference between two Conductors of a Group of Parallel Conductors
3.4 Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
3.5 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing
3.6 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing
3.7 Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance
3.8 Method of GMD (Modified)
3.9 Bundled Conductors
Problems
References
4. Representation of Power System Components
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Single-phase Solution of Balanced Three-phase Networks
4.3 One-Line Diagram and Impedance or Reactance Diagram
4.4 Per Unit (PU) System
4.5 Complex Power
4.6 Synchronous Machine
4.7 Representation of Loads
Problems
References
5. Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Short Transmission Line
5.3 Medium Transmission Line
5.4 The Long Transmission Line——Rigorous Solution
5.5 Interpretation of the Long Line Equations
5.6 Ferranti Effect
5.7 Tuned Power Lines
5.8 The Equivalent Circuit of a Long Line
5.9 Power Flow through a Transmission Line
5.10 Methods of Voltage Control
Problems
References
6. Load Flow Studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Network Model Formulation
6.3 Formation of YBus by Singular Transformation
6.4 Load Flow Problem
6.5 Gauss-Seidel Method
6.6 Newton-Raphson (NR) Method
6.7 Decoupled Load Flow Methods
6.8 Comparison of Load Flow Methods
6.9 Control of Voltage Profile
Problems
References
7. 0 ptimal System Operation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Optimal Operation of Generators on a Bus Bar
7.3 Optimal Unit Commitment (UC)
7.4 Reliability Considerations
7.5 Optimum Generation Scheduling
7.6 Optimal Load Flow Solution
7.7 Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal System
Problems
References
8. Automatic Generation and Voltage Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Load Frequency Control (Single Area Case)
8.3 Load Frequency Control and Economic Despatch Control
8.4 Two-Area Load Frequency Control
8.5 Optimal (Two-Area) Load Frequency Control
8.6 Automatic Voltage Control
8.7 Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs)
8.8 Speed Governor Dead-Band and Its Effect on AGC
8.9 Digital LF Controllers
8.10 Decentralized Control
Problems
References
9. Symmetrical Fault Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transient on a Transmission Line
9.3 Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine (On No Load)
9.4 Short Circuit of a Loaded Synchronous Machine
9.5 SeIection of Circuit Breakers
9.6 Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
9.7 ZBusFormulation
Problems
References
10. Symmetrical Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Symmetrical Component Transformation
10.3 Phase Shift in Star-Delta Transformers
10.4 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.5 Sequence Impedances and Sequence Network of Power System
10.6 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Synchronous Machine
10.7 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.8 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Transformers
10.9 Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
Problems
References
11. Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults
11.3 Single Line-To-Ground (LG) Fault
11.4 Line-To-Line (LL) Fault
11.5 Double Line-To-Ground (LLG) Fault
11.6 Open Conductor Faults
11.7 Bus Impedance Matrix Method For Analysis of Unsymmetrical Shunt Faults
Problems
References
12. Power System Stability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
12.3 Power Angle Equation
12.4 Node Elimination Technique
12.5 Simple Systems
12.6 Steady State Stability
12.7 Transient Stability
12.8 Equal Area Criterion
12.9 Numerical Solution of Swing Equation
12.10 Multimachine Stability
12.11 Some Factors Affecting Transient Stability
Problems
References
13. Power System Security
13.1 Introduction
13.2 System State Classification
13.3 Security Analysis
13.4 Contingency Analysis
13.5 Sensitivity Factors
13.6 Power System Voltage Stability
References
14. An Introduction to State Estimation of Power Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Least Squares Estimation： The Basic Solution
14.3 Static State Estimation of Power
Systems
14.4 Tracking State Estimation of Power Systems
14.5 Some Computational Considerations
14.6 External System Equivalencing
14.7 Treatment of Bad Data
14.8 Network Observability and Pseudo-Measurements
14.9 Application of Power System State Estimation 5.5
Problems
References
15. Compensation in Power Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Loading Capability
15.3 Load Compensation
15.4 Line Compensation
15.5 Series Compensation
15.6 Shunt Compensators
15.7 Comparison between STATCOM and SVC
15.8 Flexible AC Transmission Systeins (FACTS) 56~
15.9 Principle and Operation of Converters
15.10 Facts Controllers
References
16. Load Forecasting Technique
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Forecasting Methodology
16.3 Estimation of Average and Trend Terms
16.4 Estimation of Periodic Components
16.5 Estimation of Ys (k)： Time Series Approach
16.6 Estimation of Stochastic Component： Kalman Filtering Approach
16.7 Long-Term Load Predictions Using Econometric Models
16.8 Reactive Load Forecast
References
17. Voltage Stability
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Comparison of Angle and Voltage Stability
17.3 Reactive Power Flow and Voltage Collapse
17.4 Mathematical Formulation of Voltage Stability Problem
17.5 Voltage Stability Analysis
17.6 Prevention of Voltage Collapse
17.7 State-of-the-Art， Future Trends and Challenges
References
Appendix A： Introduction to Vector and Matrix Algebra
Appendix B： Generalized Circuit Constants
Appendix C： Triangular Factorization and Optimal Ordering
Appendix D： Elements of Power System Jacobian Matrix
Appendix E： Kuhn.Tucker Theorem
Appendix F： Real-time Computer Control of Power Systems
Appendix G： Introduction to MATLAB and SIMULINK
Answers to Problems
Index
D P Kothari，is Professor， Centre for Energy Studies，Indian Institute of Technology， Delhi. He hasbeen Head of the Centre for Energy Studies（1995-97） and Principal （1997-98） VisvesvarayaRegional Engineering College， Nagpur. He has been Director-incharge， liT Delhi （2005）， Deputy Director （Admn.） （2003-2006）. Earlier （1982-83 and 1989）， he was a visiting fellow at RMIT，Melbourne， Australia. He obtained his BE， ME and Ph.D degrees from BITS， Pilani. A fellow of the Institution of Engineers （India）， fellow of National Academy of Engineering，fellow of National Academy of Sciences， Senior Member IEEE， Member IEE，Life Member ISTE， Professor Kothari has published/presented around 500papers in national and international journals/conferences. He has authored/co-authored more than 18 books， including Power System Optimization， ModernPower System Analysis， Electric Machines， Power System Transients， Theoryand Problems of Electric Machines and Basic Electrical Engineering. Hisresearch interests include power system control， optimization， reliability andenergy conservation. He has received the National Khosla award for LifetimeAchievements in Engineering for 2005 from liT Roorkee.
I J Nagrath is Adjunct Professor， BITS， Pilani， and retired as Professor of electrical engineering and Deputy Director of Birla Institute of Technology and Science， Pilani. He obtained his BE with Hons. in electrical engineering from the University of Rajasthan in 1951 and MS from the University of Wisconsin in 1956. He has co-authored several successful books which include Electric Machines， Modern Power System Analysis and Systems： Modelling and Analysis. He has also published several research papers in prestigious national and international journals.
I J Nagrath is Adjunct Professor， BITS， Pilani， and retired as Professor of electrical engineering and Deputy Director of Birla Institute of Technology and Science， Pilani. He obtained his BE with Hons. in electrical engineering from the University of Rajasthan in 1951 and MS from the University of Wisconsin in 1956. He has co-authored several successful books which include Electric Machines， Modern Power System Analysis and Systems： Modelling and Analysis. He has also published several research papers in prestigious national and international journals.
《现代电力系统分析（第3版）》中包含了大量的例题，它们除了说明具体的计算方法和过程以外，还可以让读者顺便了解很多实际知识（例如元件及系统的结构和参数等）。有的则通过例题介绍其他方面的内容和知识（例如，在例2.4中引入通信干扰和谐波等知识），从而扩大了《现代电力系统分析（第3版）》所包含的信息量。另外，书中还给出了大量的习题并附有相应的答案，以便读者进一步巩固和深化有关的理论和分析方法。特别地，这些例题和习题有助于读者进行自学。
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