国外数学名著系列(影印版)29:数论中未解决的问题(第3版)

目 录内容简介
ContentsPreface to the Third Edition vPreface to the Second Edition viiPreface to the First Edition ixGlossary of Symbols xiIntroduction 1A. Prime Numbers 3A1. Prime values of quadratic functions. 7 A2. Primes connected with factorials. 10 A3. Mersenne primes. Repunits. Fermat numbers. Primes of shape k . 2n + 1. 13 A4. The prime number race. 22 A5. Arithmetic progressions of primes. 25 A6. Consecutive primes in A.P.28 A7. Cunningham chains. 30 A8. Gaps between primes. Twin primes. 31 A9. Patterns of primes. 40 A10. Gilbreath's conjecture. 42 A11. Increasing and decreasing gaps. 43 A12. Pseudoprimes. Euler pseudoprimes. Strong pseudoprimes. 44 A13. Carmichael numbers. 50 A14. "Good" primes and the prime number graph. 54 A15. Congruent products of consecutive numbers. 54 A16. Gaussian and Eisenstein-Jacobi primes. 55 A17. Formulas for primes. 58 A18. The Erd?s-Selfridge classification of primes. 66 A19. Values of n making n - 2k prime. Odd numbers not of the form ±pα±2b . 67 A20. Symmetric and asymmetric primes. 69B. Divisibility 71B1. Perfect numbers. 71 B2. Almost perfect, quasi-perfect, pseudoperfect, harmonic, weird, multiperfect and hyperperfect numbers. 74 B3. Unitary perfect numbers. 84 B4. Amicable numbers. 86 B5. Quasi-amicable or betrothed numbers. 91 B6. Aliquot sequences. 92 B7. Aliquot cycles. Sociable numbers. 95 B8. Unitary aliquot sequences. 97 B9. Superperfect numbers. 99 B10. Untouchable numbers. 100 B11. Solutions of mσ (m) = nσ(n). 101 B12. Analogs with d(n) σk(n). 102 B13. Solutions of σ (n) = σ (n + 1). 103 B14. Some irrational series. 104 B15. Solutions of σ (q) + σ (r) = σ (q + r). 105 B16. Powerful numbers. Squarefree numbers. 105 B17. Exponential-perfect numbers 110 B18. Solutions of d(n) = d(n+1).111 B19. (m,n+1) and (m+1,n) with same set of prime factors. The abc-conjecture. 113 B20. Cullen and Woodall numbers. 119 B21. k . 2π+ 1 composite for all n. 119 B22. Factorial n as the product of n large factors. 122 B23. Equal products of factorials. 123 B24. The largest set with no member dividing two others. 124 B25. Equal sums of geometric progressions with prime ratios. 124 B26. Densest set with no l pairwise coprime. 125 B27. The number of prime factors of n + k which don't divide n + i, 0≤i and σ.147 B42. Behavior of *(σ (n)) and σ(4) (n)). 150 B43. Alternating sums of factorials . 152 B44. Sums of factorials. 153 B45. Euler numbers. 154 B46. The largest prime factor of n. 154 B47. When does 2a - 2b divide nα-η b? 155 B48. Products taken over primes. 155 B49. Smith numbers. 156 B50. Ruth-Aaron numbers. 157C. Additive Number Theory 159C1. Goldbach's conjecture. 159 C2. Sums of consecutive primes. 164 C3. Lucky numbers. 164 C4. Ulam numbers. 166 C5. Sums determining members of a set. 167 C6. Addition chains. Brauer chains. Hansen chains. 169 C7. The money-changing problem. 171 C8. Sets with distinct sums of subsets. 174 C9. Packing sums of pairs. 175 C10. Modular difference sets and error correcting codes. 181 C11. Three-subsets with distinct sums. 184 C12. The postage stamp problem. 185 C13. The corresponding modular covering problem. Harmonious labelling of graphs. 190 C14. Maximal sum-free sets. 191 C15. Maximal zerφsum-free sets. 193 C16. Nonaveraging sets. Nondividing sets. 198 C17. The minimum overlap problem. 199 C18. The n queens problem. 200 C19. 1s a weakly indedendent sequence the finite union of strongly independent ones? 203 C20. Sums of squares. 204 C21. Sums of higher powers. 207D. Diophantine Equations 209D 1. Sums of like powers. Euler's conjecture. 209 D2. The Fermat problem. 218 D3. Figurate numbers. 222 D4. Waring's problem. Sums of l kth Powers. 229 D5. Sum of four cubes. 231 D6. An elementary solution of x2 = 2y4- 1. 234 D7. Sum of consecutive powers made a power. 235 D8. A pyramidal diophantine equation. 237 D9. Catalan conjecture. Difference of two powers. 238 DI0. Exponential diophantine equations. 242 D11. Egyptian fractions. 252 D12. Markoff numbers. 263 D13. The equation xxyy= zz. 265 D14. ai+ bj made squares. 266 D15. Numbers whose sums in pairs make squares. 268 D16.τ'riples with the same sum and same product. 271 D17. Product of blocks of consecutive integers not a power. 272 D18. Is there a perfect cuboid? Four squares whose sums in pairs are square. Four squares whose diffe
目 录内容简介
数学因新的问题的出现而保持活力,问题来源于数学自身,也来自日益增多的需要运用数学的各种学科。本书含有大量或许不易解决但浅显易懂的问题,这些问题可被数学素养程度不等的数学家有不同的深度上加以研究。新版添加了关于对称素数和非对称素数、高阶幂求和、丢番图多元组、康韦RATS及回文数等方面的问题。在某些章节之后,作者还添加了非常有用而特别的部分:在OEIS(Neil Sloane的整数列的网上百科全书)中可查到的参考文献。
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