电力系统工程（第2版）
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
1. Introduction
1.1 Electric Power System
1.2 Indian Power Sector
1.3 A Contemporary Perspective
1.4 Structure of Power Systems
1.5 Conventional Sources of Electric Energy
1.6 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generation
1.7 Geothermal Energy
1.8 Environmental Aspects of Electric Energy Generation
1.9 Renewable Energy Resources
1.10 Solar Energy and its Utilization
1.11 Wind Power
1.12 Biofuels
1.13 Generating Reserve， Reliability and Certain Factors
1.14 Energy Storage
1.15 Energy Conservation
1.16 Growth of Power Systems in India
1.17 Deregulation
1.18 Distributed and Dispersed Generation
1.19 Power System Engineers and Power System Studies
1.20 Use of Computers and Microprocessors
1.21 Problems Facing Indian Power Industry and its Choices
Annexure 1.1
Annexure 1.2
2. Inductance and Resistance of Transmission Lines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Inductance
2.3 Flux Linkages of an Isolated Current-Carrying Conductor
2.4 Inductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire Line
2.5 Conductor Types
2.6 Flux Linkages of One Conductor in a Group
2.7 Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines
2.8 Inductance of Three-Phase Lines
2.9 Double-Circuit Three-Phase Lines
2.10 Bundled Conductors
2.11 Resistance
2.12 Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
2.13 Magnetic Field Induction
2.14 Summary
3. Capacitance of Transmission Lines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electric Field of a Long Straight Conductor
3.3 Potential Difference between Two Conductors of a Group of
Parallel Conductors
3.4 Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
3.5 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Equilateral
Spacing
3.6 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Unsymmetrical
Spacing
3.7 Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance
3.8 Method of GMD (Modified)
3.9 Bundled Conductors
3.10 Electrostatic Induction
3.11 Summary
4. Representation of Power System Components
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Single-Phase Representation of Balanced Three-Phase Networks
4.3 The One-Line Diagram and the Impedance or Reactance
Diagram
4.4 Per Unit (PU) System
4.5 Complex Power
4.6 The Steady State Model of Synchronous Machine
4.7 Power Transformer
4.8 Transmission of Electric Power
4.9 System Protection
4.10 Representation of Loads
4.11 Summary
5. Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Short Transmission Line
5.3 Medium Transmission Line
5.4 The Long Transmission Line——Rigorous Solution
5.5 The Equivalent Circuit of a Long Line
5.6 Interpretation of the Long Line Equations
5.7 Ferranti Effect
5.8 Tuned Power Lines
5.9 Power Flow Through a Transmission Line
5.10 Methods of Voltage Control
5.11 Summary
6. Load Flow Studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Network Model Formulation
6.3 Formation of YBUS by Singular Transformation
6.4 Load Flow Problem
6.5 Gauss-Siedel Method
6.6 Newton-Raphson Method
6.7 Decoupled Load Flow Studies
6.8 Comparison of Load Flow Methods
6.9 Control of Voltage Profile
6.10 LoadFlow under Power Electronic Control
6.11 Summary
7. Optimal System Operation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Optimal Operation of Generators on a Bus Bar
7.3 Optimal Unit Commitment (UC)
7.4 Reliability Considerations
7.5 Optimal Generation Scheduling
7.6 Optimal Load Flow Solution
7.7 Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal System
7.8 Power System Security
7.9 Maintenance Scheduling (MS)
7.10 Power-System Reliability
7.11 Summary
Annexure 7.1
8. Automatic Generation and Voltage Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Load Frequency Control (Single Area Case)
8.3 Load Frequency Control and Economic Despatch Control
8.4 Two-Area Load Frequency Control
8.5 Optimal (Two-Area) Load Frequency Control
8.6 Automatic Voltage Control
8.7 Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraints
(GRCS)
8.8 Speed Governor Dead-Band and its Effect on AGC
8.9 Digital LF Controllers
8.10 Decentralized Control
8.11 Discrete Integral Controller for AGC
8.12 AGC in a Restructured Power System
8.13 Summary
9. Symmetrical Fault Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transient on a TransmissionLine
9.3 Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine
9.4 Short Circuit of a Loaded Synchronous Machine
9.5 Selection of Circuit Breakers
9.6 Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
9.7 ZBUS Formulation
9.8 Summary
10. Symmetrical Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Symmetrical Component Transformation
10.3 Phase Shift in Star-Delta Transformers
10.4 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.5 Sequence Impedances and Sequence Network of
Power System
10.6 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Synchronous
Machine
10.7 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.8 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Transformers
10.9 Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
10.10 Summary
11. Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults
11.3 Single Line-to-Ground (LG) Fault
11.4 Line-to-Line (LL) Fault
11.5 Double Line-to-Ground (LLG) Fault
11.6 Open Conductor Faults
11.7 Bus Impedance Matrix Method for Analysis of Unsymmetrical
Shunt Faults
11.8 Summary
12. Power System Stability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
12.3 Power Angle Equation
……
13.Power System Transients
14.Circuit Breakers
15.Power System Protection
16.Underground Cables
17.Insulators for Overhead Lines
18.Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines
19.Corona
20.High Voltage DC（HVDC）Transmission
21.Distribution Systems
22.Voltage Stability
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer to Problems
Index
Preface to the First Edition
1. Introduction
1.1 Electric Power System
1.2 Indian Power Sector
1.3 A Contemporary Perspective
1.4 Structure of Power Systems
1.5 Conventional Sources of Electric Energy
1.6 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generation
1.7 Geothermal Energy
1.8 Environmental Aspects of Electric Energy Generation
1.9 Renewable Energy Resources
1.10 Solar Energy and its Utilization
1.11 Wind Power
1.12 Biofuels
1.13 Generating Reserve， Reliability and Certain Factors
1.14 Energy Storage
1.15 Energy Conservation
1.16 Growth of Power Systems in India
1.17 Deregulation
1.18 Distributed and Dispersed Generation
1.19 Power System Engineers and Power System Studies
1.20 Use of Computers and Microprocessors
1.21 Problems Facing Indian Power Industry and its Choices
Annexure 1.1
Annexure 1.2
2. Inductance and Resistance of Transmission Lines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Inductance
2.3 Flux Linkages of an Isolated Current-Carrying Conductor
2.4 Inductance of a Single-Phase Two-Wire Line
2.5 Conductor Types
2.6 Flux Linkages of One Conductor in a Group
2.7 Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines
2.8 Inductance of Three-Phase Lines
2.9 Double-Circuit Three-Phase Lines
2.10 Bundled Conductors
2.11 Resistance
2.12 Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
2.13 Magnetic Field Induction
2.14 Summary
3. Capacitance of Transmission Lines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electric Field of a Long Straight Conductor
3.3 Potential Difference between Two Conductors of a Group of
Parallel Conductors
3.4 Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
3.5 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Equilateral
Spacing
3.6 Capacitance of a Three-Phase Line with Unsymmetrical
Spacing
3.7 Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance
3.8 Method of GMD (Modified)
3.9 Bundled Conductors
3.10 Electrostatic Induction
3.11 Summary
4. Representation of Power System Components
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Single-Phase Representation of Balanced Three-Phase Networks
4.3 The One-Line Diagram and the Impedance or Reactance
Diagram
4.4 Per Unit (PU) System
4.5 Complex Power
4.6 The Steady State Model of Synchronous Machine
4.7 Power Transformer
4.8 Transmission of Electric Power
4.9 System Protection
4.10 Representation of Loads
4.11 Summary
5. Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Short Transmission Line
5.3 Medium Transmission Line
5.4 The Long Transmission Line——Rigorous Solution
5.5 The Equivalent Circuit of a Long Line
5.6 Interpretation of the Long Line Equations
5.7 Ferranti Effect
5.8 Tuned Power Lines
5.9 Power Flow Through a Transmission Line
5.10 Methods of Voltage Control
5.11 Summary
6. Load Flow Studies
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Network Model Formulation
6.3 Formation of YBUS by Singular Transformation
6.4 Load Flow Problem
6.5 Gauss-Siedel Method
6.6 Newton-Raphson Method
6.7 Decoupled Load Flow Studies
6.8 Comparison of Load Flow Methods
6.9 Control of Voltage Profile
6.10 LoadFlow under Power Electronic Control
6.11 Summary
7. Optimal System Operation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Optimal Operation of Generators on a Bus Bar
7.3 Optimal Unit Commitment (UC)
7.4 Reliability Considerations
7.5 Optimal Generation Scheduling
7.6 Optimal Load Flow Solution
7.7 Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal System
7.8 Power System Security
7.9 Maintenance Scheduling (MS)
7.10 Power-System Reliability
7.11 Summary
Annexure 7.1
8. Automatic Generation and Voltage Control
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Load Frequency Control (Single Area Case)
8.3 Load Frequency Control and Economic Despatch Control
8.4 Two-Area Load Frequency Control
8.5 Optimal (Two-Area) Load Frequency Control
8.6 Automatic Voltage Control
8.7 Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraints
(GRCS)
8.8 Speed Governor Dead-Band and its Effect on AGC
8.9 Digital LF Controllers
8.10 Decentralized Control
8.11 Discrete Integral Controller for AGC
8.12 AGC in a Restructured Power System
8.13 Summary
9. Symmetrical Fault Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transient on a TransmissionLine
9.3 Short Circuit of a Synchronous Machine
9.4 Short Circuit of a Loaded Synchronous Machine
9.5 Selection of Circuit Breakers
9.6 Algorithm for Short Circuit Studies
9.7 ZBUS Formulation
9.8 Summary
10. Symmetrical Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Symmetrical Component Transformation
10.3 Phase Shift in Star-Delta Transformers
10.4 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.5 Sequence Impedances and Sequence Network of
Power System
10.6 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Synchronous
Machine
10.7 Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
10.8 Sequence Impedances and Networks of Transformers
10.9 Construction of Sequence Networks of a Power System
10.10 Summary
11. Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Symmetrical Component Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults
11.3 Single Line-to-Ground (LG) Fault
11.4 Line-to-Line (LL) Fault
11.5 Double Line-to-Ground (LLG) Fault
11.6 Open Conductor Faults
11.7 Bus Impedance Matrix Method for Analysis of Unsymmetrical
Shunt Faults
11.8 Summary
12. Power System Stability
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Dynamics of a Synchronous Machine
12.3 Power Angle Equation
……
13.Power System Transients
14.Circuit Breakers
15.Power System Protection
16.Underground Cables
17.Insulators for Overhead Lines
18.Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines
19.Corona
20.High Voltage DC（HVDC）Transmission
21.Distribution Systems
22.Voltage Stability
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer to Problems
Index
D P Kothari，is Professor， Centre for Energy Studies，Indian Institute of Technology， Delhi. He hasbeen Head of the Centre for Energy Studies（1995-97） and Principal （1997-98） VisvesvarayaRegional Engineering College， Nagpur. He has been Director-incharge， liT Delhi （2005）， Deputy Director （Admn.） （2003-2006）. Earlier （1982-83 and 1989）， he was a visiting fellow at RMIT，Melbourne， Australia. He obtained his BE， ME and Ph.D degrees from BITS， Pilani. A fellow of the Institution of Engineers （India）， fellow of National Academy of Engineering，fellow of National Academy of Sciences， Senior Member IEEE， Member IEE，Life Member ISTE， Professor Kothari has published/presented around 500papers in national and international journals/conferences. He has authored/co-authored more than 18 books， including Power System Optimization， ModernPower System Analysis， Electric Machines， Power System Transients， Theoryand Problems of Electric Machines and Basic Electrical Engineering. Hisresearch interests include power system control， optimization， reliability andenergy conservation. He has received the National Khosla award for LifetimeAchievements in Engineering for 2005 from liT Roorkee.
I J Nagrath is Adjunct Professor， BITS， Pilani， and retired as Professor of electrical engineering and Deputy Director of Birla Institute of Technology and Science， Pilani. He obtained his BE with Hons. in electrical engineering from the University of Rajasthan in 1951 and MS from the University of Wisconsin in 1956. He has co-authored several successful books which include Electric Machines， Modern Power System Analysis and Systems： Modelling and Analysis. He has also published several research papers in prestigious national and international journals.
I J Nagrath is Adjunct Professor， BITS， Pilani， and retired as Professor of electrical engineering and Deputy Director of Birla Institute of Technology and Science， Pilani. He obtained his BE with Hons. in electrical engineering from the University of Rajasthan in 1951 and MS from the University of Wisconsin in 1956. He has co-authored several successful books which include Electric Machines， Modern Power System Analysis and Systems： Modelling and Analysis. He has also published several research papers in prestigious national and international journals.
本版电力系统工程较上版进行了广泛的修订，新增若干专题的介绍并更新了与最新技术发展相关的内容。此外，所有的专题都有多母线结构的例子进行说明。
突出特点
系统地解释现代电力系统运行、控制和分析相关的基本原理
详细介绍电力系统暂态、断路器和保护
给出多个系统研究的算法
附录给出MATLAB和SIMULINK用于电力系统分析的仿真程序
突出特点
系统地解释现代电力系统运行、控制和分析相关的基本原理
详细介绍电力系统暂态、断路器和保护
给出多个系统研究的算法
附录给出MATLAB和SIMULINK用于电力系统分析的仿真程序
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