外国文学经典：雾都孤儿
CHAPTER 1 TREATS OF THE PLACE WHERE OLIVER TWIST WAS BORN, AND OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDING HIS BIRTH
CHAPTER 2 TREATS OF OLIVER TWISTS GROWTH,EDUCATION, AND BOARD
CHAPTER 3 RELATES HOW OLIVER TWIST WAS VERY NEAR GETTING A PLACE, WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN A SINECURE
CHAPTER 4 OLIVER, BEING OFFERED ANOTHER PLACE,MAKES HIS FIRST ENTRY INTO PUBLIC LIFE
CHAPTER 5 OLIVER MINGLES WITH NEW ASSOCIATES.GOING TO A FUNERAL FOR THE FIRST TIME HE FORMS AN UNFAVOURABLE NOTION OF HIS MASTERS BUSINESS
CHAPTER 6 OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM
CHAPTER 7 OLIVER CONTINUES REFRACTORY
CHAPTER 8 OLIVER WALKS TO LONDON. HE ENCOUN-TERS ON THE ROAD A STRANGE SORT OF YOUNG GENTLEMAN
CHAPTER 9 CONTAINING FURTHER PARTICULARS CONCERNING THE PLEASANT OLD GENTLE-MAN, AND HIS HOPEFUL PUPILS
CHAPTER 10 OLIVER BECOMES BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE CHARACTERS OF HIS NEW ASSO-CIATES; AND PURCHASES EXPERIENCE AT A HIGH PRICE. BEING A SHORT, BUT VERY IMPORTANT CHAPTER, IN THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 11 TREATS OF MR. FANG THE POLICE MAGIS-TRATE; AND FURNISHES A SLIGHT SPECIMEN OF HIS MODE OF ADMINISTERING JUSTICE
CHAPTER 12 IN WHICH OLIVER IS TAKEN BETTER CARE OF THAN HE EVER WAS BEFORE. WITH SOME PARTICULARS CONCERNING A CERTAIN PICTURE
CHAPTER 13 REVERTS TO THE MERRY OLD GENTLEMAN AND HIS YOUTHFUL FREENDS, THROUGH WHOM A NEW ACQUAINTANCE IS INTRO-DUCED TO THE INTELLIGENT READER, AND CONNECTED WITH WHOM VARIOUS PLEAS-ANT MATTERS ARE RELATED APPERTAINING TO THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 14 COMPRISING FURTHER PARTICULARS OF OLIVERS STAY AT MR. BROWNLOWS, WITH THE REMARKABLE PREDICTION WHICH ONE MR. GRIMWIG UTTERED CONCERNING HIM,WHEN HE WENT OUT ON AN ERRAND
CHAPTER 15 SHOWING HOW VERY FOND OF OLIVER TWIST THE MERRY OLD JEW AND MISS NANCY WERE
CHAPTER 16 RELATES WHAT BECAME OF OLIVER TWIST AFTER HE HAD BEEN CLAIMED BY NANCY
CHAPTER 17 OLIVERS DESTINY CONTINUING UNPROPI-TIOUS, BRINGS A GREAT MAN TO LONDON TO INJURE HIS REPUTATION
CHAPTER 18 HOW OLIVER PASSED HIS TIME IN THE IMPROVING SOCIETY OF HIS REPUTABLE FRIENDS
CHAPTER 19 IN WHICH A NOTABLE PLAN IS DISCUSSED AND DETERMINED ON
CHAPTER 2O WHEREIN OLVER IS DELIVERED OVER TO MR.WILLIAM SIKES
CHAPTER 21 THE EXPEDITION
CHAPTER 22 THE BURGLARY
CHAPTER 23 WHICH CONTAINS THE SUBSTANCE OF A PLEASANT CONVERSATION BETWEEN MR.BUMBLE AND A LADY; AND SHOWS THAT EVEN A BEADLE MAY BE SUSCElYTIBLE ON SOME POINTS
CHAPTER 24 TREATS OF A VERY POOR SUBJECT. BUT IS A SHORT ONE, AND MAY BE FOUND OF IMPOR-TANCE IN THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 25 WHEREIN THIS HISTORY REVERTS TO MR.FAGIN AND COMPANY
CHAPTER 26 IN WHICH A MYSTERIOUS CHARACTER APPEARS UPON THE SCENE; AND MANY THINGS, INSEPARABLE FROM THIS HISTORY,ARE DONE AND PERFORMED
CHAPTER 27 ATONES FOR THE UNPOLITENESS OF A FORMER CHAPTER; WHICH DESERTED A LADY, MOST UNCEREMONIOUSLY
CHAPTER 28 LOOKS AFTER OLIVER, AND PROCEEDS WITH HIS ADVENTURES
CHAPTER 29 HAS AN INTRODUCTORY ACCOUNT OF THE INMATES OF THE HOUSE TO WHICH OLIVER RESORTED
CHAPTER 30 RELATES WHAT OLIVERS NEW VISITORS THOUGHT OF HIM
CHAPTER 31 INVOLVES A CRITICAL POSITION
CHAPTER 32 OF THE HAPPY LIFE OLIVER BEGAN TO LEAD WITH HIS KIND FRIENDS
CHAPTER 33 WHEREIN THE HAPPINESS OF OLIVER AND HIS FRIENDS EXPERIENCES A SUDDEN CHECK
CHAPTER 34 CONTAINS SOME INTRODUCTORY PARTICU-LARS RELATIVE TO A YOUNG GENTLEMAN WHO NOW ARRIVES UPON THE SCENE; AND A NEW ADVENTURE WHICH HAPPENED TO OLIVER
CHAPTER 35 CONTAINING THE UNSATISFACTORY RESULT OF OLIVERS ADVENTURE; AND A CONVER-SATION OF SOME IMPORTANCE BETWEEN HARRY MAYLIE AND ROSE
CHAPTER 36 IS A VERY SHORT ONE, AND MAY APPEAR OF NO GREAT IMPORTANCE IN ITS PLACE. BUT IT SHOULD BE READ, NOTWITHSTANDING,AS A SEQUEL TO THE LAST, AND A KEY TO ONE THAT WILL FOLLOW WHEN ITS TIME ARRIVES
CHAPTER 37 IN WHICH THE READER MAY PERCEIVE A CONTRAST, NOT UNCOMMON IN MATRIMC NIAL CASES
CHAPTER 38 CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT PASSED BETWEEN MR. AND MRS. BUMBLE,AND MR. MONKS, AT THEIR NOCTURNAL INTERVIEW
CHAPTER 39 INTRODUCES SOME RESPECTABLE CHARAC-TERS WITH WHOM THE READER IS ALREADY ACQUAINTED, AND SHOWS HOW MONKS AND THE JEW LAID THEIR WORTHY HEADS TOGETHER
CHAPTER 40 A STRANGE INTERVIEW, WHICH IS A SEQUEL TO THE LAST CHAMBER
CHAPTER 41 CONTAINING FRESH DISCOVERIES, AND SHOWING THAT SUPRISES, LIKE MISFOR-TUNES, SELDOM COME ALONE
CHAPTER 42 AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE OF OLIVERS,EXHIBITING DECIDED MARKS OF GENIUS,BECOMES A PUBLIC CHARACTER IN THE METROPOLIS
CHAPTER 43 WHEREIN IS SHOWN HOW THE ARTFUL DODGER GOT INTO TROUBLE
CHAPTER 44 THE TIME ARRIVES FOR NANCY TO REDEEM HER PLEDGE TO ROSE MAYLIE. SHE FAILS
CHAPTER 45 NOAH CLAYPOLE IS EMPLOYED BY FAGIN ON A SECRET MISSION
CHAPTER 46 THE APPOINTMENT KEPT
CHAPTER 47 FATAL CONSEQUENCES
CHAPTER 48 THE FLIGHT OF SIKES
CHAPTER 49 MONKS AND MR. BROWNLOW AT LENGTH MEET. THEIR CONVERSATION, AND THE INTELLIGENCE THAT INTERRUPTS IT
CHAPTER 5O THE PURSUIT AND ESCAPE
CHAPTER 51 AFFORDING AN EXPLANATION OF MORE MYSTERIES THAN ONE, AND COMPREHEND-ING A PROPOSAL OF MARRIAGE WITH NO WORD OF SETTLEMENT OR PINMONEY
CHAPTER 52 FAGINS LAST NIGHT ALIVE
CHAPTER 53 AND LAST
CHAPTER 2 TREATS OF OLIVER TWISTS GROWTH,EDUCATION, AND BOARD
CHAPTER 3 RELATES HOW OLIVER TWIST WAS VERY NEAR GETTING A PLACE, WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN A SINECURE
CHAPTER 4 OLIVER, BEING OFFERED ANOTHER PLACE,MAKES HIS FIRST ENTRY INTO PUBLIC LIFE
CHAPTER 5 OLIVER MINGLES WITH NEW ASSOCIATES.GOING TO A FUNERAL FOR THE FIRST TIME HE FORMS AN UNFAVOURABLE NOTION OF HIS MASTERS BUSINESS
CHAPTER 6 OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM
CHAPTER 7 OLIVER CONTINUES REFRACTORY
CHAPTER 8 OLIVER WALKS TO LONDON. HE ENCOUN-TERS ON THE ROAD A STRANGE SORT OF YOUNG GENTLEMAN
CHAPTER 9 CONTAINING FURTHER PARTICULARS CONCERNING THE PLEASANT OLD GENTLE-MAN, AND HIS HOPEFUL PUPILS
CHAPTER 10 OLIVER BECOMES BETTER ACQUAINTED WITH THE CHARACTERS OF HIS NEW ASSO-CIATES; AND PURCHASES EXPERIENCE AT A HIGH PRICE. BEING A SHORT, BUT VERY IMPORTANT CHAPTER, IN THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 11 TREATS OF MR. FANG THE POLICE MAGIS-TRATE; AND FURNISHES A SLIGHT SPECIMEN OF HIS MODE OF ADMINISTERING JUSTICE
CHAPTER 12 IN WHICH OLIVER IS TAKEN BETTER CARE OF THAN HE EVER WAS BEFORE. WITH SOME PARTICULARS CONCERNING A CERTAIN PICTURE
CHAPTER 13 REVERTS TO THE MERRY OLD GENTLEMAN AND HIS YOUTHFUL FREENDS, THROUGH WHOM A NEW ACQUAINTANCE IS INTRO-DUCED TO THE INTELLIGENT READER, AND CONNECTED WITH WHOM VARIOUS PLEAS-ANT MATTERS ARE RELATED APPERTAINING TO THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 14 COMPRISING FURTHER PARTICULARS OF OLIVERS STAY AT MR. BROWNLOWS, WITH THE REMARKABLE PREDICTION WHICH ONE MR. GRIMWIG UTTERED CONCERNING HIM,WHEN HE WENT OUT ON AN ERRAND
CHAPTER 15 SHOWING HOW VERY FOND OF OLIVER TWIST THE MERRY OLD JEW AND MISS NANCY WERE
CHAPTER 16 RELATES WHAT BECAME OF OLIVER TWIST AFTER HE HAD BEEN CLAIMED BY NANCY
CHAPTER 17 OLIVERS DESTINY CONTINUING UNPROPI-TIOUS, BRINGS A GREAT MAN TO LONDON TO INJURE HIS REPUTATION
CHAPTER 18 HOW OLIVER PASSED HIS TIME IN THE IMPROVING SOCIETY OF HIS REPUTABLE FRIENDS
CHAPTER 19 IN WHICH A NOTABLE PLAN IS DISCUSSED AND DETERMINED ON
CHAPTER 2O WHEREIN OLVER IS DELIVERED OVER TO MR.WILLIAM SIKES
CHAPTER 21 THE EXPEDITION
CHAPTER 22 THE BURGLARY
CHAPTER 23 WHICH CONTAINS THE SUBSTANCE OF A PLEASANT CONVERSATION BETWEEN MR.BUMBLE AND A LADY; AND SHOWS THAT EVEN A BEADLE MAY BE SUSCElYTIBLE ON SOME POINTS
CHAPTER 24 TREATS OF A VERY POOR SUBJECT. BUT IS A SHORT ONE, AND MAY BE FOUND OF IMPOR-TANCE IN THIS HISTORY
CHAPTER 25 WHEREIN THIS HISTORY REVERTS TO MR.FAGIN AND COMPANY
CHAPTER 26 IN WHICH A MYSTERIOUS CHARACTER APPEARS UPON THE SCENE; AND MANY THINGS, INSEPARABLE FROM THIS HISTORY,ARE DONE AND PERFORMED
CHAPTER 27 ATONES FOR THE UNPOLITENESS OF A FORMER CHAPTER; WHICH DESERTED A LADY, MOST UNCEREMONIOUSLY
CHAPTER 28 LOOKS AFTER OLIVER, AND PROCEEDS WITH HIS ADVENTURES
CHAPTER 29 HAS AN INTRODUCTORY ACCOUNT OF THE INMATES OF THE HOUSE TO WHICH OLIVER RESORTED
CHAPTER 30 RELATES WHAT OLIVERS NEW VISITORS THOUGHT OF HIM
CHAPTER 31 INVOLVES A CRITICAL POSITION
CHAPTER 32 OF THE HAPPY LIFE OLIVER BEGAN TO LEAD WITH HIS KIND FRIENDS
CHAPTER 33 WHEREIN THE HAPPINESS OF OLIVER AND HIS FRIENDS EXPERIENCES A SUDDEN CHECK
CHAPTER 34 CONTAINS SOME INTRODUCTORY PARTICU-LARS RELATIVE TO A YOUNG GENTLEMAN WHO NOW ARRIVES UPON THE SCENE; AND A NEW ADVENTURE WHICH HAPPENED TO OLIVER
CHAPTER 35 CONTAINING THE UNSATISFACTORY RESULT OF OLIVERS ADVENTURE; AND A CONVER-SATION OF SOME IMPORTANCE BETWEEN HARRY MAYLIE AND ROSE
CHAPTER 36 IS A VERY SHORT ONE, AND MAY APPEAR OF NO GREAT IMPORTANCE IN ITS PLACE. BUT IT SHOULD BE READ, NOTWITHSTANDING,AS A SEQUEL TO THE LAST, AND A KEY TO ONE THAT WILL FOLLOW WHEN ITS TIME ARRIVES
CHAPTER 37 IN WHICH THE READER MAY PERCEIVE A CONTRAST, NOT UNCOMMON IN MATRIMC NIAL CASES
CHAPTER 38 CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT PASSED BETWEEN MR. AND MRS. BUMBLE,AND MR. MONKS, AT THEIR NOCTURNAL INTERVIEW
CHAPTER 39 INTRODUCES SOME RESPECTABLE CHARAC-TERS WITH WHOM THE READER IS ALREADY ACQUAINTED, AND SHOWS HOW MONKS AND THE JEW LAID THEIR WORTHY HEADS TOGETHER
CHAPTER 40 A STRANGE INTERVIEW, WHICH IS A SEQUEL TO THE LAST CHAMBER
CHAPTER 41 CONTAINING FRESH DISCOVERIES, AND SHOWING THAT SUPRISES, LIKE MISFOR-TUNES, SELDOM COME ALONE
CHAPTER 42 AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE OF OLIVERS,EXHIBITING DECIDED MARKS OF GENIUS,BECOMES A PUBLIC CHARACTER IN THE METROPOLIS
CHAPTER 43 WHEREIN IS SHOWN HOW THE ARTFUL DODGER GOT INTO TROUBLE
CHAPTER 44 THE TIME ARRIVES FOR NANCY TO REDEEM HER PLEDGE TO ROSE MAYLIE. SHE FAILS
CHAPTER 45 NOAH CLAYPOLE IS EMPLOYED BY FAGIN ON A SECRET MISSION
CHAPTER 46 THE APPOINTMENT KEPT
CHAPTER 47 FATAL CONSEQUENCES
CHAPTER 48 THE FLIGHT OF SIKES
CHAPTER 49 MONKS AND MR. BROWNLOW AT LENGTH MEET. THEIR CONVERSATION, AND THE INTELLIGENCE THAT INTERRUPTS IT
CHAPTER 5O THE PURSUIT AND ESCAPE
CHAPTER 51 AFFORDING AN EXPLANATION OF MORE MYSTERIES THAN ONE, AND COMPREHEND-ING A PROPOSAL OF MARRIAGE WITH NO WORD OF SETTLEMENT OR PINMONEY
CHAPTER 52 FAGINS LAST NIGHT ALIVE
CHAPTER 53 AND LAST
查尔斯·狄更斯，（1812-1870）：查尔斯·狄更斯，英国小说家。由于出身贫寒，从小没有在学校接受过正规的教育。他12岁便开始在工厂工作。19世纪初，资本主义开始盛行，这为英国大城市带来了繁荣，同时也造成了许多阴暗面：童工泛滥，工人阶级的生活极度困苦。狄更斯亲身体验到了社会的不公平，他开始通过自学创作小说，同时坚信只有学习才能使他脱离贫困。狄更斯凭借自己的亲身经历在小说中生动地描写了工人阶级大众的日常生活以及他们的喜怒哀乐，因而他的作品很受欢迎。狄更斯还通过诙谐的描写大胆地揭露了社会的不公正现象和社会矛盾。狄更斯最著名的作品包括《远大前程》和《雾都孤儿》等。1870年6月9日，查尔斯·狄更斯去世。他安息于威斯敏斯特教堂，与英国其他伟大的作家葬在一起。尽管人们常批评狄更斯为迎合读者的口味而过于多愁善感，但狄更斯仍与伟大的英国剧作家莎士比亚一样备受尊重，究其原因就是狄更斯创造的人物不仅被赋予了人性和幽默，同时还体现出人类真正的乐观和生命力。
19世纪30年代，雾都伦敦，小男孩奥利佛·特维斯特自幼被父母抛弃，孤独地在教区抚幼院里长大，随后他被迫进入苛刻的巴姆鲍经营的棺材店里做学徒，由于不能承受繁重的劳动和老板的打骂，他逃到伦敦街上，成为一名雾都孤儿。在伦敦游荡的时候，独自一人的奥利佛被当地一个扒手黑帮盯上，并且被险恶的费金骗进充满罪恶和肮脏的贼窝，费金希望能够将奥利佛训练成一位盗窃能手以成为自己的“孩子盗窃集团”的一员，从而又多了一个可以为自己获取不义之财的途径。 身陷囫囵的奥利佛得到和蔼的布郎罗先生的帮助，但仅仅是他一系列冒险经历的开始。恶劣的环境、重重的误会、人性的黑暗包围着奥利佛，在流浪中他历尽艰辛，但奥利佛始终保持纯真的心，对生命抱有希望，甚至让二号贼首赛克斯的情妇南希良心发现，在他天真纯洁的身上看到往日清白的自己，最终冒着生命危险将奥利佛救出贼窟。然而，南希为了救这位可怜的孤儿而被杀，奥利佛·特维斯特经过百般周折之后，终于知道了自已真实的身份…………
弃婴奥利弗从小在孤儿院长大。九岁时被送给棺材店老板做学徒。他不堪忍受饥饿和侮辱，逃到伦敦，不慎落人贼窝，被迫当了扒手。后被富有的布朗洛先生收留，然而不幸被小扒手发现，又人贼窝。善良的女扒手南希为了营救奥利弗，不顾贼头的监视和威胁，告诉布朗洛先生奥利弗就是他寻找已久的外孙，结果惨遭贼窝头目杀害。警察随即围剿了贼窝，奥利弗终于得以与亲人团聚。
弃婴奥利弗从小在孤儿院长大。九岁时被送给棺材店老板做学徒。他不堪忍受饥饿和侮辱，逃到伦敦，不慎落人贼窝，被迫当了扒手。后被富有的布朗洛先生收留，然而不幸被小扒手发现，又人贼窝。善良的女扒手南希为了营救奥利弗，不顾贼头的监视和威胁，告诉布朗洛先生奥利弗就是他寻找已久的外孙，结果惨遭贼窝头目杀害。警察随即围剿了贼窝，奥利弗终于得以与亲人团聚。
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