ERNEST HEMINGWAY （1899—1961)， American author. Between themid-1920s and the mid-1950s， he produced most of his work， and in 1954 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of American literature. The most famous of Hemingway's novels are The Sun Also Rises（1926)，A Farewell to Arms（1929)， The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber（1935)，For Whom the BeII Tolls（1940)， and The Old Man and the Sea （1951).
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