CONTENTS
Unit 1 Introduction ot CNC Machine Tool
1.1 Machining Center Configurations
1.2 Vertical Machining Centers
1.3 Horizontal Machining centers
1.4 Other Programmable Features of Machining Centers
Exercises
Unit 2 Tooling for CNC Machine
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material for Cutting Tools
2.3 The Practical Application of CementedCarbides
2.4 Tooling Systems
2.5 Automatic Tool Changer System
Exercises
Unit 3 Program Zero and Coordinate System
3.1 What is Coordinate System
3.2 Plus and Minus
3.3 Program Zero
3.4 Absolute vs. Incremental
Exercises
Unit 4 Mathematics for NCProgramming
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Geometry
4.3 Trigonometry
Exercises
Unit 5 Word Address Programming
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Programming Language Format
5.3 Programming Language Terminology
5.4 Program and Sequence Numbers(O, N Codes)
5.5 Preparatory Functions ( G Codes)
5.6 Dimension words (X, Y, Z, ...Codes)
5.7 Feedrate ( F Codes)
5.8 Spindle Speed (S Codes)
5.9 Miscellaneous Machine Functions(M Codes)
5.10 Why Learn Manual Programming
Exercises
Unit 6 Speeds and Feeds
6.1 Cutting Speeds and Feeds
6.2 Spindle Speeds
6.3 Feed Rates
6.4 Feed Rate and Spindle Speed Override
Exercises
Unit 7 Preparation for Programming
7.1 The Importance of Preparation
7.2 Typical Mistakes
7.2.1 Syntax Mistakes
7.2.2 Motion Mistakes
7.2.3 Mistakes of Omission
7.2.4 Process Mistakes
7.3 Steps for Preparing to Write a CNC Program
7.3.1 Study and Mark Up the Print
7.3.2 Prepare the Machining Process
7.3.3 Develop the Needed Cutting Conditions
7.3.4 Do the Required Math
7.3.5 Check the Required Tooling
7.4 Plan the Work Holding Setup
7.5 Other Documentation
7.5.1 Setup Sheet
7.5.2 Program Listing
7.6 Is It All Worth It
Exercises
Unit 8 Programming Techniques
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Programming Hole Operation
8.3 Programming Linear Profiles
8.4 Programming Circular Profiles
8.4.1 Circular Interpolation Commands
8.4.2 Circular Interpolation Via Direct
Radius Specification
8.4.3 Profiling Arcs at Constant Feed Rate
8.5 Programming with Subprogram
8.5.1 Subprogram Concept
8.5.2 Commands for Calling a Subprogram and Returning to the Main Program
8.5.3 General Rules for Subprogramming
Exercises
Unit 9 Three Kinds of Compensation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What is Compensation
9.3 Understanding Offsets
9.3.1 How Many Offsets do You Have
9.3.2 Offsets and Trial Machining
9.3.3 Organization of Offsets
9.3.4 Wear Offsets Versus Geometry offsets
9.3.5 How Offsets are Instated
9.4 Tool Length Compensation
9.4.1 The Reason for Tool Length Compensation
9.4.2 How Tool Length Compensation is Used
9.5 Cutter Radius Compensation
9.5.1 Reasons for Using Cutter Radius Compensation
9.5.2 How does Cutter Radius Compensation Work
9. 6 Fixture Offsets
Exercises
Unit 10 Machine Design
10.1 Repeatability
10.2 Basic Structure
10.3 Machine Spindles
10.4 Spindle Drives
……
Unit 11 Setup and Maintain
Unit 12 Three Modes of Operation
Unit 13 Program Verification Techniques
Unit 14 CAD/CAM
Appendix A G&M Code Reference
Appendix B The Sample of CNC Machine Specification
Appendix C Vocabulary
References
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