拍摄者（第3版）用摄像机讲故事

作者：[美] Barry Braverman
出版：人民邮电出版社 2016.10
丛书：写给未来的电影人
页数：298
定价：109.00 元
ISBN-13：9787115427250
ISBN-10：7115427259 去豆瓣看看

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　　《拍摄者》第3版中的新内容如下：立体拍摄技术：拍摄和制作立体内容的基础知识，以简单集成式立体摄录一体机为主。数码单反拍摄技术：如何让这种*传感器摄像机在尽可能少的代价下获取到*好的图像。后期图像调整，数字滤镜、稳定器。输出节目为Web或DVD。思考拍摄者的职业前景——如何鉴别和获取理想的工作，如何与自*狂合作。问答和复习内容——在每章结束后加入问答和复习内容。无论你使用的是复杂的4K摄影机、*尺寸传感器数码单反、还是iPhone，《拍摄者》第3版中的内容都会让你受益匪浅，它能帮你把自己的设备性能**化，并提升你的故事讲述技巧。

目　录作者简介内容简介

　　章　拍摄者的视角 .......................................................................... 1 1.1　观点 ...........................................................................................................2 1.2　不再追逐彩虹 ............................................................................................3 1.3　学会身兼数职 ............................................................................................4 1.4　掌握专业技能 ............................................................................................6 1.5　新观念 .......................................................................................................8 1.6　现在人人都是拍摄者 ..................................................................................8 1.7　雇用你的客户 ............................................................................................9 1.8　你已经拥有足够的能力 ............................................................................10 第二章　让我给你讲个故事 .................................................................. 11 2.1　如何才能把故事讲好？ ............................................................................13 2.2　清楚自己影片的类型并确保观众们也知道 ...............................................13 2.3　你的海报什么样？ ...................................................................................15 2.4　了解自己的海报简述文字 ........................................................................16 2.5　积极面对条件限制 ...................................................................................17 2.6　电影成功的原因各异 ................................................................................18 2.7　你的相对优势 ..........................................................................................18 2.8　限制你的取景 ..........................................................................................19 2.9　了解自己摄影机的动态范围 .....................................................................20 2.10　在魔幻时刻拍摄 .....................................................................................21 2.11　真实性很重要 ........................................................................................21 2.12　故事永不停歇 ........................................................................................22 2.13　职业道德很重要 .....................................................................................23 第三章　用镜头讲故事 ....................................................................... 25 3.1　现在对作品的要求仍然很高 .....................................................................25 *.*　给世界加个框 ..........................................................................................26 3.3　排除，排除，排除！ ................................................................................27 3.4　让观众们受点儿苦 ...................................................................................28 3.5　独特的视角 ..............................................................................................32 3.6　模糊、隐藏和遮挡 ...................................................................................33 3.7　关于透视 ..................................................................................................34 3.8　箱式梁桥 ..................................................................................................36 3.9　三分法 .....................................................................................................37 3.10　黄金画幅比 ............................................................................................39 3.11　引起不适 ................................................................................................39 3.12　拍摄的地方是什么类型？ ......................................................................40 3.13　拥抱经典理论 ........................................................................................41 3.14　手艺很重要 ............................................................................................43 3.15　用特写讲故事 ........................................................................................44 3.16　迂回出击 ................................................................................................46 3.17　保持拍摄尺寸一致性 ..............................................................................46 3.18　视线的力量 ............................................................................................47 3.19　拍摄不完美的对象 .................................................................................48 *.*0　故事里的故事 ........................................................................................49 *.*1　学会用背景讲故事 .................................................................................50 *.*2　我们都是说谎的骗子 ..............................................................................51 *.*3　弄清楚自己想要什么 ..............................................................................52 *.*4　与自我的人一起工作 ......................................................................54 第四章　摄影师的工具箱 .................................................................... 57 4.1　你有很多选择 ..........................................................................................57 4.2　摄像机的变革 ..........................................................................................58 4.3　扫描方式的选择 .......................................................................................61 4.4　2K、4K，以及更高的分辨率 ....................................................................63 4.5　努力突破技术局限 ...................................................................................64 4.6　了解你需要的知识 ...................................................................................65 4.7　技术问题当然重要 ...................................................................................66 4.8　世界的本质 ..............................................................................................66 4.9　脑中的处理器 ..........................................................................................67 4.10　让我们体验一下模拟 ..............................................................................67 4.11　改善数字记录的质量 ..............................................................................68 4.12　一些小知识 ............................................................................................69 4.13　10-bit 工作流程 ....................................................................................71 4.14　你的摄影机符合“10 分钟法则”吗？ ...................................................75 4.15　了解传感器 ............................................................................................77 4.16　在某种程度上，传感器尺寸很重要 ........................................................78 4.17　分辨率的诡计 ........................................................................................79 4.18　人类感知分辨率的极限 ..........................................................................81 4.19　这种数字游戏接近尾声了吗？ ...............................................................81 4.20　网格里的像素 ........................................................................................82 4.21　三片式传感器VS 单片式传感器 .............................................................83 4.22　为什么要压缩？ .....................................................................................84 4.23　出于实际考虑 ........................................................................................85 4.24　冗余，冗余 ............................................................................................86 4.25　你不会错过那些你看不见的东西 ............................................................87 4.26　帧间压缩与帧内压缩 ..............................................................................88 4.27　选择帧速率 ............................................................................................90 4.28　为什么帧频有些不靠谱—是24p 但又不是24p ..................................91 4.29　24p 的种种好处 .....................................................................................93 4.30　现在你能拍摄24p 了 .............................................................................93 4.31　如果你依然喜欢SD 标清 .......................................................................95 4.32　注意了，落伍者们！ ..............................................................................95 4.33　曾几何时 ................................................................................................96 第五章　用数码单反DSLR 讲故事 ...................................................... 99 5.1　性能的问题 ..............................................................................................99 5.2　它并不是摄像机 .....................................................................................100 5.3　不只是低光照能力 .................................................................................100 5.4　负荷削减 ................................................................................................101 5.5　参数设置 ................................................................................................103 5.6　果冻效应 ................................................................................................104 5.7　浅景深：是好事还是坏事？ ...................................................................105 5.8　操控方面的挑战 .....................................................................................106 5.9　监看与回放 ............................................................................................107 5.10　声音功能不健全 ...................................................................................108 5.11　开始工作 ..............................................................................................110 第六章　观察世界的窗口 ................................................................... 113 6.1　控制画面空间 ........................................................................................114 6.2　是否需要讨好拍摄对象 ..........................................................................115 6.3　把创作工具用到极致 ..............................................................................115 6.4　推拉变焦拍摄 ........................................................................................117 6.5　警惕可疑的标称值 .................................................................................118 6.6　光学变焦VS 数码变焦 ...........................................................................120 6.7　更广、更远 ............................................................................................121 6.8　低档镜头的现状 .....................................................................................122 6.9　为何廉价的镜头看起来档次低？ ............................................................124 6.10　对小光孔说不 ......................................................................................125 6.11　为什么一体式摄像机通常能拍出更好的画面 ........................................125 6.12　色像差补偿 ..........................................................................................126 6.13　试着和你的普通镜头和平相处 .............................................................126 6.14　找到镜头的性能区间 ....................................................................127 6.15　不靠谱的对焦环和变焦环 ....................................................................129 6.16　电影镜头 ..............................................................................................129 6.17　诱惑力和纠结的根源 ............................................................................130 6.18　过大的景深 ..........................................................................................130 6.19　镜头适配器 ..........................................................................................132 第七章　立体拍摄者 ......................................................................... 133 7.1　3D 立体的本质 .......................................................................................133 7.2　立体是一种技术障眼法 ..........................................................................135 7.3　深度线索 ................................................................................................136 7.4　平面视觉深度线索 .................................................................................137 7.5　立体视觉深度线索 .................................................................................139 7.6　轴距VS 瞳距 .........................................................................................141 7.7　汇聚面应该设置在哪儿？ ......................................................................143 7.8　立体摄像机设置 .....................................................................................145 7.9　避免“耐药性”问题 ..............................................................................146 7.10　屏幕尺寸至关重要 ...............................................................................148 7.11　正确获得视差 ......................................................................................149 7.12　窗口干涉 ..............................................................................................150 7.13　关于立体故事的思考 ............................................................................150 7.14　圆度因素 ..............................................................................................151 7.15　抛弃的2D 拍摄方式 .....................................................................152 7.16　裸眼立体是大势所趋 ............................................................................154 7.17　立体就此止步了吗？ ............................................................................155 7.18　立体的后期制作与输出 ........................................................................156 7.19　立体再次来袭！ ...................................................................................158 7.20　2D 转3D .............................................................................................159 7.21　制片工艺的进化 ...................................................................................159 7.22　展现未曾见过的世界 ............................................................................160 第八章　掌握与控制 ......................................................................... 161 8.1　谁会需要全自动？ .................................................................................162 8.2　打倒自动曝光 ........................................................................................162 8.3　“中国姑娘” ........................................................................................165 8.4　驾驭波形图 ............................................................................................166 8.5　考虑快门问题 ........................................................................................167 8.6　同步快门 ................................................................................................168 8.7　帧速率与故事的关系 ..............................................................................169 8.8　聚焦在重要的对象上 ..............................................................................170 8.9　这些人并不是演员 .................................................................................170 8.10　分辨率越高对焦越难！ ........................................................................171 8.11　跟焦 .....................................................................................................173 8.12　故事的白平衡 ......................................................................................174 8.13　到底用不用预置白平衡 ........................................................................174 8.14　设置手动白平衡 ...................................................................................176 8.15　不可理喻的自动白平衡 ........................................................................177 8.16　自动黑平衡 ..........................................................................................178 8.17　没有增益，就没有痛苦 ........................................................................179 8.18　控制好噪点 ..........................................................................................180 8.19　时码的沼泽地 ......................................................................................181 8.20　串行数字接口与高清晰度多媒体接口 ..................................................183 8.21　互连性与视频流 ...................................................................................184 8.22　监看你的工作 ......................................................................................185 8.23　更长时间的续航 ...................................................................................186 8.24　驾驭杂乱的取景器 ...............................................................................188 8.25　逐格摄影与延时摄影 ............................................................................189 8.26　神奇的预录制功能 ...............................................................................190 8.27　循环录制功能 ......................................................................................191 8.28　在环境下进行拍摄 ........................................................................191 8.29　拍摄狂热的生命和野生动物 .................................................................193 第九章　调整拍摄的图像 ................................................................... 195 9.1　开始创建自己的画面风格 ......................................................................196 9.2　主消隐电平: 定义黑色 ...........................................................................197 9.3　标清的遗产 ............................................................................................198 9.4　了解你摄像机的动态范围 ......................................................................198 9.5　设置伽马值 ............................................................................................199 9.6　留意高光部分 ........................................................................................200 9.7　自动拐点 ................................................................................................200 9.8　控制色度 ................................................................................................201 9.9　色彩矩阵 ................................................................................................202 9.10　使用滤镜 ..............................................................................................203 9.11　物理滤镜 ..............................................................................................203 9.12　后再考虑使用滤镜 ............................................................................204 9.13　为任务量身打造 ...................................................................................205 9.14　中密度滤镜（ND） ..............................................................................205 9.15　偏光滤镜 ..............................................................................................206 9.16　天空的控制 ..........................................................................................207 9.17　高对比度的困惑 ...................................................................................208 9.18　柔光滤镜 ..............................................................................................209 9.19　CHRISTIAN DIOR 来帮忙 ....................................................................212 9.20　遮光斗 .................................................................................................212 9.21　如何叠加滤镜 ......................................................................................214 9.22　暖色滤镜 ..............................................................................................215 9.23　雾化滤镜 ..............................................................................................215 9.24　后期制作 ..............................................................................................215 9.25　根据需要选择后期插件 ........................................................................216 9.26　颜色校正 ..............................................................................................217 9.27　拍摄者要对自己负责！ ........................................................................219 第十章　照亮你的故事 ...................................................................... 221 10.1　由小见大 ..............................................................................................222 10.2　拍摄者必须能独当一面 ........................................................................224 10.3　LED 照明时代已经来临 ........................................................................225 10.4　HMI 照明：昂贵但物有所值 ................................................................227 10.5　荧光灯和绿光瘟疫 ...............................................................................228 10.6　大范围柔光 ..........................................................................................230 10.7　使用软光是关键 ...................................................................................230 10.8　选择软光 ..............................................................................................231 10.9　控制溢光 ..............................................................................................232 10.10　柔光的艺术 ........................................................................................232 10.11　色纸 ...................................................................................................233 10.12　标准布光 ............................................................................................234 10.13　正面和中间照明 .................................................................................235 10.14　用好辅助光 ........................................................................................235 10.15　机载照明灯 ........................................................................................236 10.16　分层照明 ............................................................................................237 10.17　给绿屏照明 ........................................................................................237 10.18　绿屏为什么是绿色？ ..........................................................................238 10.19　绿屏的替代品 ....................................................................................240 10.20　照明控制 ............................................................................................240 10.21　镂板 ...................................................................................................241 10.22　束光筒 ...............................................................................................242 10.23　固定工具 ............................................................................................243 10.24　胶带 ...................................................................................................243 10.25　百宝囊 ...............................................................................................244 10.26　照明= 手艺创意 ............................................................................245 第十一章　支撑起你的故事 ............................................................... 249 11.1　云台 .....................................................................................................250 11.2　三脚架 .................................................................................................253 11.3　其他摄像机支撑系统 ............................................................................255 11.4　安装在任何地方 ...................................................................................260 11.5　你拍故你在 ..........................................................................................260 第十二章　聆听你的故事 ...................................................................263 12.1　没有录音师？ ......................................................................................264 12.2　录音建议 ..............................................................................................264 12.3　差劲的连接= 差劲的声音 ....................................................................265 12.4　平衡音频 ..............................................................................................266 12.5　调音台 .................................................................................................267 12.6　设置音频电平 ......................................................................................268 12.7　麦克风 .................................................................................................269 12.8　枪式麦克风（指向式麦克风） .............................................................269 12.9　无线连接 ..............................................................................................270 12.10　话筒挑杆 ............................................................................................271 12.11　音频降噪 ............................................................................................272 12.12　双系统录音：有必要吗？ ..................................................................272 12.13　环绕声 ...............................................................................................273 12.14　有时候“凑合”也不错 ......................................................................274 第十三章　顺应潮流 .........................................................................277 13.1　不再只有一种工作流程 ........................................................................278 1*.*　MXF 的前景 .........................................................................................279 13.3　元数据之美 ..........................................................................................280 13.4　现在我们不必那么担忧了 ....................................................................281 13.5　SSD 的出现 .........................................................................................282 13.6　代理视频与iPhone ..............................................................................283 13.7　输出你的故事 ......................................................................................284 13.8　DVD 的衰落 .........................................................................................285 13.9　关注图像编码 ......................................................................................286 13.10　编码器的性格 ....................................................................................287 13.11　被诅咒的问题场景 .............................................................................287 13.12　视频降噪势在必行 .............................................................................288 13.13　了解编码模式 ....................................................................................289 13.14　BLU-RAY 蓝光，还有谁？ ................................................................289 13.15　来到云端 ............................................................................................290 13.16　归档的挑战 ........................................................................................291 后记　世上并没有“一键优化到好”功能 .......................................... 293 1. 谨慎对待炒作 .............................................................................................294 2. 拒绝复杂 ....................................................................................................295 3. 观影的未来 .................................................................................................296 4. 变革已经到来 .............................................................................................296 5. 这是个弱肉强食的世界 ...............................................................................297
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