铁皮石斛生产实用技术彩色图说（“金土地”新农村书系.现代农业产业编）
第一章 铁皮石斛基本介绍
第一节 药用石斛··········································································2
一、 我国野生石斛的种类及分布················································2
二、 野生药用石斛资源现状························································2
三、 我国药用石斛人工栽培品种及其栽培区域························3
四、 我国药用石斛人工种植面积和产量····································4
第二节 铁皮石斛简介················································································5
一、 功效与质量标准····································································7
二、 化学成分················································································8
三、 药理作用··············································································14
第三节 常见药用石斛种类及其混伪品··················································19
一、 近缘种及其混伪品······························································19
二、 伪品鉴别··············································································51
第二章 铁皮石斛生物学特性及其对环境条件的要求
第一节 铁皮石斛生物学特性··································································54
一、 形态特征··············································································54
二、 生态习性··············································································55
第二节 铁皮石斛对环境条件的要求······················································56
一、 温度···················································································56
二、 光照···················································································58
三、 水···················································································58
四、 其他···················································································59
第三章 铁皮石斛生产概况
第一节 铁皮石斛产业发展现状······························································62
第二节 铁皮石斛产业亟待解决的主要问题··········································65
一、 基础研究相对薄弱······························································65
二、 产品单一， 产业链短··························································65
三、 种源混杂， 产品质量难保证··············································66
四、 伪品冲击··············································································66
五、 销售市场狭窄， 产业急速扩张··········································67
六、 无品牌效应， 质量难保障··················································67
第三节 铁皮石斛产业发展方向······························································69
一、 加强产品研发的深度和广度··············································69
二、 建立健全栽培管理和产品质量标准体系··························69
三、 加强种源繁育研究， 保持种源稳定性······························69
四、 加强政府引导， 建立产业联盟··········································70
第四章 铁皮石斛优良品种
第一节 铁皮石斛的民间种类··································································73
第二节 铁皮石斛优良品种······································································74
一、 森山1号··············································································74
二、 天斛1号··············································································74
三、 仙斛1号··············································································75
四、 仙斛2号··············································································75
五、 红鑫1号··············································································75
六、 普洱铁皮1号和普洱铁皮2号··········································75
七、 皖斛1号和皖斛2号··························································75
八、 桂斛1号··············································································76
九、 中科1号··············································································76
十、 川科斛1号··········································································76
十一、 双晖1号··········································································77
十二、 中科从都2号··································································77
十三、 粤斛1号··········································································77
第五章 铁皮石斛优质种苗扩繁技术
第一节 无菌播种技术··············································································80
一、 材料···················································································80
二、 方法···················································································81
第二节 茎段组培技术··············································································84
一、 材料与消毒··········································································84
二、 方法······················································································84
第三节 扦插成苗技术··············································································87
一、 常规扦插育苗技术······························································87
二、 催芽素＋暗环境茎段扦插繁殖技术··································88
第六章 铁皮石斛仿野生栽培
第一节 设施仿野生栽培··········································································92
一、 环境要求··············································································92
二、 种植设施··············································································92
三、 栽培技术··············································································94
第二节 林下原生态栽培··········································································97
一、 栽培基地的选择··································································97
二、 栽培基地的清理··································································98
三、 木质基质的制作··································································98
四、 栽培基质的铺设··································································98
五、 种苗的消毒处理··································································98
六、 种苗的移栽··········································································98
七、 基地杀菌··············································································99
八、 水肥管理··············································································99
九、 虫害防治··············································································99
十、 采收··················································································99
第三节 岩石或活树附生栽培································································100
一、 活树附生栽培技术····························································100
二、 岩石附生栽培技术····························································102
第七章 铁皮石斛主要病虫害及其防治
第一节 主要病害及其防治····································································106
一、 炭疽病················································································106
二、 茎腐病················································································107
三、 软腐病················································································108
第二节 主要害虫及其防治····································································110
一、 蜗牛····················································································110
二、 地老虎················································································110
三、 蚜虫··················································································111
四、 斜纹夜蛾············································································112
第八章 铁皮石斛的采收加工及其综合开发与利用
第一节 采收加工··················································································114
一、 采收··················································································114
二、 加工··················································································115
第二节 铁皮石斛的综合开发与利用····················································116
一、 不同功能产品的开发························································116
二、 不同药用部位的开发························································117
三、 主要加工产品（保健食品）···············································120
附录一 中药材生产质量管理规范（试行）···············································123
附录二 中药材规范化生产中允许使用的肥料种类和使用原则 ··········131
附录三 中药材规范化生产允许和禁止使用的农药种类和使用原则··················136
参考文献 ·············································································140
第一节 药用石斛··········································································2
一、 我国野生石斛的种类及分布················································2
二、 野生药用石斛资源现状························································2
三、 我国药用石斛人工栽培品种及其栽培区域························3
四、 我国药用石斛人工种植面积和产量····································4
第二节 铁皮石斛简介················································································5
一、 功效与质量标准····································································7
二、 化学成分················································································8
三、 药理作用··············································································14
第三节 常见药用石斛种类及其混伪品··················································19
一、 近缘种及其混伪品······························································19
二、 伪品鉴别··············································································51
第二章 铁皮石斛生物学特性及其对环境条件的要求
第一节 铁皮石斛生物学特性··································································54
一、 形态特征··············································································54
二、 生态习性··············································································55
第二节 铁皮石斛对环境条件的要求······················································56
一、 温度···················································································56
二、 光照···················································································58
三、 水···················································································58
四、 其他···················································································59
第三章 铁皮石斛生产概况
第一节 铁皮石斛产业发展现状······························································62
第二节 铁皮石斛产业亟待解决的主要问题··········································65
一、 基础研究相对薄弱······························································65
二、 产品单一， 产业链短··························································65
三、 种源混杂， 产品质量难保证··············································66
四、 伪品冲击··············································································66
五、 销售市场狭窄， 产业急速扩张··········································67
六、 无品牌效应， 质量难保障··················································67
第三节 铁皮石斛产业发展方向······························································69
一、 加强产品研发的深度和广度··············································69
二、 建立健全栽培管理和产品质量标准体系··························69
三、 加强种源繁育研究， 保持种源稳定性······························69
四、 加强政府引导， 建立产业联盟··········································70
第四章 铁皮石斛优良品种
第一节 铁皮石斛的民间种类··································································73
第二节 铁皮石斛优良品种······································································74
一、 森山1号··············································································74
二、 天斛1号··············································································74
三、 仙斛1号··············································································75
四、 仙斛2号··············································································75
五、 红鑫1号··············································································75
六、 普洱铁皮1号和普洱铁皮2号··········································75
七、 皖斛1号和皖斛2号··························································75
八、 桂斛1号··············································································76
九、 中科1号··············································································76
十、 川科斛1号··········································································76
十一、 双晖1号··········································································77
十二、 中科从都2号··································································77
十三、 粤斛1号··········································································77
第五章 铁皮石斛优质种苗扩繁技术
第一节 无菌播种技术··············································································80
一、 材料···················································································80
二、 方法···················································································81
第二节 茎段组培技术··············································································84
一、 材料与消毒··········································································84
二、 方法······················································································84
第三节 扦插成苗技术··············································································87
一、 常规扦插育苗技术······························································87
二、 催芽素＋暗环境茎段扦插繁殖技术··································88
第六章 铁皮石斛仿野生栽培
第一节 设施仿野生栽培··········································································92
一、 环境要求··············································································92
二、 种植设施··············································································92
三、 栽培技术··············································································94
第二节 林下原生态栽培··········································································97
一、 栽培基地的选择··································································97
二、 栽培基地的清理··································································98
三、 木质基质的制作··································································98
四、 栽培基质的铺设··································································98
五、 种苗的消毒处理··································································98
六、 种苗的移栽··········································································98
七、 基地杀菌··············································································99
八、 水肥管理··············································································99
九、 虫害防治··············································································99
十、 采收··················································································99
第三节 岩石或活树附生栽培································································100
一、 活树附生栽培技术····························································100
二、 岩石附生栽培技术····························································102
第七章 铁皮石斛主要病虫害及其防治
第一节 主要病害及其防治····································································106
一、 炭疽病················································································106
二、 茎腐病················································································107
三、 软腐病················································································108
第二节 主要害虫及其防治····································································110
一、 蜗牛····················································································110
二、 地老虎················································································110
三、 蚜虫··················································································111
四、 斜纹夜蛾············································································112
第八章 铁皮石斛的采收加工及其综合开发与利用
第一节 采收加工··················································································114
一、 采收··················································································114
二、 加工··················································································115
第二节 铁皮石斛的综合开发与利用····················································116
一、 不同功能产品的开发························································116
二、 不同药用部位的开发························································117
三、 主要加工产品（保健食品）···············································120
附录一 中药材生产质量管理规范（试行）···············································123
附录二 中药材规范化生产中允许使用的肥料种类和使用原则 ··········131
附录三 中药材规范化生产允许和禁止使用的农药种类和使用原则··················136
参考文献 ·············································································140
本书为“十三五”国家重点图书出版规划项目《“金土地”新农村书系·现代农业产业编》分册之一，首先简要介绍了铁皮石斛资源、品种、生物学性状以及对环境条件的要求，重点介绍了铁皮石斛仿野生种植技术，包括优质种苗的扩繁技术，种苗的人工驯化技术，设施仿野生栽培技术，林下原生态栽培技术，活树或岩石附生栽培技术，光温水肥控制技术，病虫害综合防治技术，产品采收及简易加工技术，可供铁皮石斛技术推广及种植者阅读参考。
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