物流英语
Contents
1
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Logistics ...........................................................1
1.1 Fundamentals .............................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Definition of Logistics ..................................................................................1
1.1.2 Historical Development of Logistics .............................................................2
1.1.3 Logistics Related Activities ...........................................................................4
1.1.4 Objectives of Logistics ..................................................................................6
1.1.5 7R Theory of Logistics ..................................................................................7
1.2 The Role of Logistics in the Economy and Organizations ........................................9
1.2.1 Logistics in the Economy— A Macro Perspective ........................................9
1.2.2 Logistics in the Firm — A Micro Perspective .............................................10
1.3 Logistics Industry in China ......................................................................................15
1.3.1 Current Status of the Logistics Industry in China .......................................15
1.3.2 Types of Logistics Enterprises in China ......................................................15
1.3.3 Logistics Prosperity Index ...........................................................................17
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................19
Chapter 2 Logistics Systems ..................................................................21
2.1 Transportation ..........................................................................................................21
2.1.1 Introduction to Transportation ....................................................................21
2.1.2 Modes of Transport .....................................................................................22
2.1.3 Intermodal Transportation ..........................................................................24
2.1.4 Containerization ..........................................................................................24
2.2 Warehousing .............................................................................................................27
2.2.1 Introduction to Warehouses .........................................................................27
2.2.2 Introduction to Warehousing .......................................................................29
2.2.3 Warehousing Operations .............................................................................30
2.3 Inventory ..................................................................................................................34
2.3.1 Introduction to Inventory ............................................................................34
2.3.2 Types of Inventory .......................................................................................36
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物流英语 Logistics English
2
2.3.3 Inventory Management ...............................................................................37
2.4 Packaging .................................................................................................................43
2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging ............................................................................43
2.4.2 Common Packaging Materials and Determinants .......................................44
2.4.3 Packaging Marks .........................................................................................45
2.5 Handling ...................................................................................................................48
2.5.1 Introduction to Handling ............................................................................48
2.5.2 Operation Machinery ..................................................................................49
2.5.3 Material Flow Management .........................................................................50
2.6 Distribution ..............................................................................................................53
2.6.1 Distribution Channels .................................................................................53
2.6.2 Distribution Centers ....................................................................................55
2.6.3 Distribution Activities .................................................................................56
2.7 Information Technology ...........................................................................................58
2.7.1 Information Technology in a Supply Chain ................................................58
2.7.2 Order Management and Customer Service through Information System
.....................................................................................................................60
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................66
Chapter 3 Integrated Logistics Management ..........................................68
3.1 Logistics Cost Management .....................................................................................68
3.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................68
3.1.2 Methods of Logistics Cost Management .....................................................69
3.1.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................73
3.2 Logistics Quality Management ................................................................................77
3.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................77
3.2.2 Logistics Quality Management Approach ...................................................79
3.2.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................81
3.3 Logistics Service Management ................................................................................84
3.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................84
3.3.2 Logistics Service Quality Evaluation ..........................................................88
3.3.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................92
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................95
Chapter 4 Supply Chain Management ....................................................98
4.1 Introduction to Supply Chain ...................................................................................98
4.1.1 What Is A Supply Chain ..............................................................................98
4.1.2 Decision Phases of A Supply Chain ..........................................................101
4.1.3 Process View of A Supply Chain ...............................................................102
4.2 Supply Chain Management Methods .....................................................................108
4.2.1 Quick Response (QR) ................................................................................108
4.2.2 Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) ........................................................110
4.2.3 Activity Based Classification (ABC) .........................................................112
4.2.4 Value Chain Analysis (VCA) .....................................................................117
4.3 Supply Chain Drivers and Obstacles .....................................................................122
4.3.1 Drivers of Supply Chain Performance .......................................................122
4.3.2 Obstacles to Achieving Strategic Fit .........................................................127
4.3.3 Case Study：Mintendo Game Girl ............................................................129
Exercises .........................................................................................................................132
Chapter 5 Business Contracts and Documents ....................................135
5.1 Business Negotiation .............................................................................................135
5.1.1 Elemental Procedures of Negotiation .......................................................135
5.1.2 Strategies of Business Negotiation ...........................................................138
5.1.3 Basic Principles of Negotiation ................................................................140
5.1.4 Business Letters: Enquiry and Quotation/Offer .......................................142
5.2 Contract ..................................................................................................................149
5.2.1 Introduction to Business Contract ............................................................149
5.2.2 Formation of A Business Contract ............................................................150
5.2.3 Sample Contract Document ......................................................................151
5.3 Payment ..................................................................................................................154
5.3.1 Payment Instruments ................................................................................154
5.3.2 Remittance and Collection ........................................................................157
5.3.3 Letter of Credit .........................................................................................160
Exercises .........................................................................................................................169
Chapter 6 International Logistics ..........................................................171
6.1 Introduction to International Logistics ...................................................................171
6.1.1 Definition of International Logistics ..........................................................171
6.1.2 Features of International Logistics ............................................................172
6.1.3 The Role of Governments in International Logistics ................................172
6.2 International Trade Terminology ...........................................................................174
6.2.1 What Are the Incoterms 2010 ....................................................................174
6.2.2 Case Study .................................................................................................176
6.3 International Cargo Transportation ........................................................................181
6.3.1 Ocean Transportation .................................................................................181
6.3.2 Air Transportation ......................................................................................187
6.3.3 Railway Transportation ..............................................................................190
物流英语 Logistics English
6.3.4 Road Transportation ..................................................................................191
6.3.5 Multimodal Transportation ........................................................................192
6.4 International Cargo Insurance ................................................................................194
6.4.1 Maritime Loss ............................................................................................194
6.4.2 Kinds of Cargo Insurance ..........................................................................196
6.4.3 Insurance Premium ....................................................................................197
6.4.4 Insurance Claim .........................................................................................198
6.4.5 Insurance Policy Document .......................................................................198
6.5 International Cargo Warehousing ..........................................................................201
6.5.1 The Role of International Warehousing .....................................................201
6.5.2 Bonded Warehouse ....................................................................................202
6.5.3 Bonded Zones and Bonded Warehouses in China .....................................204
6.6 Customs and Customs Clearance ...........................................................................207
6.6.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................207
6.6.2 Customs Declaration ..................................................................................207
6.6.3 Customs Clearance Process for Bonded Goods ........................................208
6.6.4 Import/Export Duty ...................................................................................210
6.6.5 Filling in a Declaration Form ....................................................................211
6.7 International Cargo Inspection ...............................................................................215
6.7.1 What Is Inspection .....................................................................................215
6.7.2 Inspection Time and Places .......................................................................216
6.7.3 Inspection Standards ..................................................................................216
6.7.4 Inspection Institutions ................................................................................217
6.7.5 Inspection Certificates ...............................................................................217
6.8 International Logistics Services .............................................................................221
6.8.1 International Freight Forwarding ...............................................................221
6.8.2 International Shipping Agency ..................................................................224
6.8.3 International Express .................................................................................226
Exercises .........................................................................................................................232
Chapter 7 New Trends of Logistics .......................................................234
7.1 Green Logistics ......................................................................................................234
7.1.1 Introduction to Green Logistics .................................................................234
7.1.2 Environmental Issues in Logistics .............................................................235
7.1.3 Development and Application of Green Logistics.....................................237
7.1.4 The Plan for Green Logistics ....................................................................238
7.1.5 How to Implement Green Logistics in A Greener Supply Chain .................240
7.2 Third-Party Logistics(3PL) ....................................................................................244
7.2.1 Introduction to 3PL ....................................................................................244
7.2.2 3PL Providers ............................................................................................246
7.2.3 Future Trend of 3PL Industry ....................................................................250
7.3 Reverse Logistics ...................................................................................................254
7.3.1 Introduction to Reverse Logistics ..............................................................254
7.3.2 The Reverse Logistics Motivators .............................................................258
7.3.3 Reverse Logistics Opportunities and Challenges ......................................260
Exercises .........................................................................................................................263
References ..............................................................................................266
1
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to Logistics ...........................................................1
1.1 Fundamentals .............................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Definition of Logistics ..................................................................................1
1.1.2 Historical Development of Logistics .............................................................2
1.1.3 Logistics Related Activities ...........................................................................4
1.1.4 Objectives of Logistics ..................................................................................6
1.1.5 7R Theory of Logistics ..................................................................................7
1.2 The Role of Logistics in the Economy and Organizations ........................................9
1.2.1 Logistics in the Economy— A Macro Perspective ........................................9
1.2.2 Logistics in the Firm — A Micro Perspective .............................................10
1.3 Logistics Industry in China ......................................................................................15
1.3.1 Current Status of the Logistics Industry in China .......................................15
1.3.2 Types of Logistics Enterprises in China ......................................................15
1.3.3 Logistics Prosperity Index ...........................................................................17
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................19
Chapter 2 Logistics Systems ..................................................................21
2.1 Transportation ..........................................................................................................21
2.1.1 Introduction to Transportation ....................................................................21
2.1.2 Modes of Transport .....................................................................................22
2.1.3 Intermodal Transportation ..........................................................................24
2.1.4 Containerization ..........................................................................................24
2.2 Warehousing .............................................................................................................27
2.2.1 Introduction to Warehouses .........................................................................27
2.2.2 Introduction to Warehousing .......................................................................29
2.2.3 Warehousing Operations .............................................................................30
2.3 Inventory ..................................................................................................................34
2.3.1 Introduction to Inventory ............................................................................34
2.3.2 Types of Inventory .......................................................................................36
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物流英语 Logistics English
2
2.3.3 Inventory Management ...............................................................................37
2.4 Packaging .................................................................................................................43
2.4.1 Introduction to Packaging ............................................................................43
2.4.2 Common Packaging Materials and Determinants .......................................44
2.4.3 Packaging Marks .........................................................................................45
2.5 Handling ...................................................................................................................48
2.5.1 Introduction to Handling ............................................................................48
2.5.2 Operation Machinery ..................................................................................49
2.5.3 Material Flow Management .........................................................................50
2.6 Distribution ..............................................................................................................53
2.6.1 Distribution Channels .................................................................................53
2.6.2 Distribution Centers ....................................................................................55
2.6.3 Distribution Activities .................................................................................56
2.7 Information Technology ...........................................................................................58
2.7.1 Information Technology in a Supply Chain ................................................58
2.7.2 Order Management and Customer Service through Information System
.....................................................................................................................60
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................66
Chapter 3 Integrated Logistics Management ..........................................68
3.1 Logistics Cost Management .....................................................................................68
3.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................68
3.1.2 Methods of Logistics Cost Management .....................................................69
3.1.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................73
3.2 Logistics Quality Management ................................................................................77
3.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................77
3.2.2 Logistics Quality Management Approach ...................................................79
3.2.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................81
3.3 Logistics Service Management ................................................................................84
3.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................84
3.3.2 Logistics Service Quality Evaluation ..........................................................88
3.3.3 Case Study ...................................................................................................92
Exercises ...........................................................................................................................95
Chapter 4 Supply Chain Management ....................................................98
4.1 Introduction to Supply Chain ...................................................................................98
4.1.1 What Is A Supply Chain ..............................................................................98
4.1.2 Decision Phases of A Supply Chain ..........................................................101
4.1.3 Process View of A Supply Chain ...............................................................102
4.2 Supply Chain Management Methods .....................................................................108
4.2.1 Quick Response (QR) ................................................................................108
4.2.2 Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) ........................................................110
4.2.3 Activity Based Classification (ABC) .........................................................112
4.2.4 Value Chain Analysis (VCA) .....................................................................117
4.3 Supply Chain Drivers and Obstacles .....................................................................122
4.3.1 Drivers of Supply Chain Performance .......................................................122
4.3.2 Obstacles to Achieving Strategic Fit .........................................................127
4.3.3 Case Study：Mintendo Game Girl ............................................................129
Exercises .........................................................................................................................132
Chapter 5 Business Contracts and Documents ....................................135
5.1 Business Negotiation .............................................................................................135
5.1.1 Elemental Procedures of Negotiation .......................................................135
5.1.2 Strategies of Business Negotiation ...........................................................138
5.1.3 Basic Principles of Negotiation ................................................................140
5.1.4 Business Letters: Enquiry and Quotation/Offer .......................................142
5.2 Contract ..................................................................................................................149
5.2.1 Introduction to Business Contract ............................................................149
5.2.2 Formation of A Business Contract ............................................................150
5.2.3 Sample Contract Document ......................................................................151
5.3 Payment ..................................................................................................................154
5.3.1 Payment Instruments ................................................................................154
5.3.2 Remittance and Collection ........................................................................157
5.3.3 Letter of Credit .........................................................................................160
Exercises .........................................................................................................................169
Chapter 6 International Logistics ..........................................................171
6.1 Introduction to International Logistics ...................................................................171
6.1.1 Definition of International Logistics ..........................................................171
6.1.2 Features of International Logistics ............................................................172
6.1.3 The Role of Governments in International Logistics ................................172
6.2 International Trade Terminology ...........................................................................174
6.2.1 What Are the Incoterms 2010 ....................................................................174
6.2.2 Case Study .................................................................................................176
6.3 International Cargo Transportation ........................................................................181
6.3.1 Ocean Transportation .................................................................................181
6.3.2 Air Transportation ......................................................................................187
6.3.3 Railway Transportation ..............................................................................190
物流英语 Logistics English
6.3.4 Road Transportation ..................................................................................191
6.3.5 Multimodal Transportation ........................................................................192
6.4 International Cargo Insurance ................................................................................194
6.4.1 Maritime Loss ............................................................................................194
6.4.2 Kinds of Cargo Insurance ..........................................................................196
6.4.3 Insurance Premium ....................................................................................197
6.4.4 Insurance Claim .........................................................................................198
6.4.5 Insurance Policy Document .......................................................................198
6.5 International Cargo Warehousing ..........................................................................201
6.5.1 The Role of International Warehousing .....................................................201
6.5.2 Bonded Warehouse ....................................................................................202
6.5.3 Bonded Zones and Bonded Warehouses in China .....................................204
6.6 Customs and Customs Clearance ...........................................................................207
6.6.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................207
6.6.2 Customs Declaration ..................................................................................207
6.6.3 Customs Clearance Process for Bonded Goods ........................................208
6.6.4 Import/Export Duty ...................................................................................210
6.6.5 Filling in a Declaration Form ....................................................................211
6.7 International Cargo Inspection ...............................................................................215
6.7.1 What Is Inspection .....................................................................................215
6.7.2 Inspection Time and Places .......................................................................216
6.7.3 Inspection Standards ..................................................................................216
6.7.4 Inspection Institutions ................................................................................217
6.7.5 Inspection Certificates ...............................................................................217
6.8 International Logistics Services .............................................................................221
6.8.1 International Freight Forwarding ...............................................................221
6.8.2 International Shipping Agency ..................................................................224
6.8.3 International Express .................................................................................226
Exercises .........................................................................................................................232
Chapter 7 New Trends of Logistics .......................................................234
7.1 Green Logistics ......................................................................................................234
7.1.1 Introduction to Green Logistics .................................................................234
7.1.2 Environmental Issues in Logistics .............................................................235
7.1.3 Development and Application of Green Logistics.....................................237
7.1.4 The Plan for Green Logistics ....................................................................238
7.1.5 How to Implement Green Logistics in A Greener Supply Chain .................240
7.2 Third-Party Logistics(3PL) ....................................................................................244
7.2.1 Introduction to 3PL ....................................................................................244
7.2.2 3PL Providers ............................................................................................246
7.2.3 Future Trend of 3PL Industry ....................................................................250
7.3 Reverse Logistics ...................................................................................................254
7.3.1 Introduction to Reverse Logistics ..............................................................254
7.3.2 The Reverse Logistics Motivators .............................................................258
7.3.3 Reverse Logistics Opportunities and Challenges ......................................260
Exercises .........................................................................................................................263
References ..............................................................................................266
吴金卓，毕业于美国西弗吉尼亚大学，现为东北林业大学物流工程专业硕士生导师。先后主持国家科技支撑计划专题、国家自然科学基金项目，发表SCI、EI检索学术论文20余篇，发表中文核心论文8篇，发表教改论文2篇。
本书紧密结合物流产业发展的特点，全面系统地介绍了物流英语的相关知识。全书共有七章，内容涵盖物流导论、物流系统（运输、仓储、库存、包装、装卸搬运、配送、信息技术）、整合物流管理（物流成本管理、物流质量管理、物流服务管理）、供应链管理、商业合同与文档、国际物流和物流发展新趋势七大部分。既包含物流的基本活动、物流管理及供应链管理，又突出了国际物流、绿色物流、第三方物流等内容。
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