合成生物学：伦理风险与治理对策（英文版）

　　ContentsPART ⅠEthical Debates on Synthetic Biology1An Analysis of the “Playing God” Argument against Synthetic Biology1.1Introduction1.2The Origin of “Playing God” Argument1.3The Interpretation of the Expression of Playing God1.4The Debate on Whether Synthetic Biology “Plays God”1.5Deficiencies of “Playing God” as an Argument1.6References2Some Remarks on the Argument Appealing to Nature against Synthetic Biology2.1Introduction2.2The Argument Appealing to Nature against Synthetic Biology and an Analysis of Its Deficiencies2.3Ambiguity of the Concept Nature2.4Problems in the Morally Significant Line between the Natural and the Non/Unnatural2.5Allegations to Synthetic Biology Stemming from Argument Appealing to Nature2.6Conclusion2.7References3On the Biocentrist Argument against Synthetic Biology3.1Introduction3.2Biocentrism and Its Advocates: A Critique of Synthetic Biology3.3Argument Appealing to Natural Evolutionary History3.4Argument Appealing to Teleological Organization3.5Argument Appealing to the Good of Own or Interests3.6References4Research on Responsibility Ethics of DNA Synthesis Technology4.1Introduction4.2Ethics of Responsibility of Hans Jonas4.3The Necessity of Applying Ethics of Responsibility in DNA Synthesis Techniques4.4Application of Ethics of Responsibility in the Practice of DNA Synthesis Technology4.5Suggestions for Applying Ethics of Responsibility in the Practice of DNA Synthesis Technology4.6Conclusion4.7References5Analysis of Ethics Dumping and Proposed Solutions in the Field of Biomedical Research in China5.1Introduction5.2The Definition of Ethics Dumping5.3Typical Cases of Ethics Dumping in Biomedical Research in China5.4Analysis of the Causes of Ethics Dumping in Biomedical Research in China5.5Policy Recommendations5.6ReferencesPART ⅡRisk Analysis in Synthetic Biology6Safety Risks and Ethical Governance of Biomedical Applications of Synthetic Biology6.1Introduction6.2The Biomedical Applications of Synthetic Biology6.3An Analysis of the Safety Risks of the Application of Synthetic Biology within Biomedicine6.4Ethical Considerations in the Application of Synthetic Biology within the Biomedical Field6.5Recommendations for Ethical Governance of Biomedical Applications of Synthetic Biology6.6Conclusion6.7References7Risks and Governance Recommendation for Synthetic Virus Technology from an Ethical Perspective7.1Introduction7.2Synthetic Virus Technology and Kinds of Risks7.3Challenges Faced by Existing Risk Governance Strategies7.4Governance Recommendations for Synthetic Virus Technology7.5Conclusion7.6References8Ethical Perspective on the Risk Assessment and Prospective Governance of Synthetic Biofuels8.1Introduction8.2Risk Assessment and Ethical Issues of Synthetic Biofuels8.3Prospective Governance of Synthetic Biofuels from an Ethical Perspective8.4Conclusion8.5References9Challenges and Principled Responses to Privacy Protection from Biometric Technology in China9.1Introduction9.2The Definition of Biometric Technology and Biometric Characteristics9.3The Challenges of Biometric Technology for Privacy Protection9.4Principled Responses to Privacy Protection from Biometric Technology9.5Conclusion9.6ReferencesPART ⅢGovernance Countermeasures in Synthetic Biology10Ethical Framework on Risk Governance of Synthetic Biology10.1Introduction10.2The Relationship between Environmental Risk and Synthetic Biology10.3Methods for Environmental Risk Assessment of Synthetic Biology10.4Ethical Principles in Environmental Risk Governance10.5Conclusion10.6References11Establishing a Management Framework for Biosafety Risk Assessments of Synthetic Biology11.1Introduction11.2Synthetic Biology Enabling Technology11.3Biosafety Risk Assessments of Synthetic Biology11.4Framework for Biosafety Risk Assessments11.5Discussion11.6Summary11.7References12Risks and Countermeasures of LaboratoryAcquired Infection Based on Pathogen Transmission Routes12.1Introduction12.2LAI Risk Analysis Based on Transmission Routes12.3Response to LAIs with Different Transmission Routes12.4Comprehensive Strategy12.5Conclusion12.6References13Regulation and Management of the Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology13.1Introduction13.2Biosecurity Risks of Synthetic Biology13.3Situation of the Regulation and Management of Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology in the International Community13.4Situation of the Regulation and Management of Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology in China13.5Suggestions on the Regulation and Management of Biosecurity for Synthetic Biology in China13.6Conclusion13.7References14Can Synthetic Biological Products Be Applied to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?14.1Introduction14.2Progress in the Negotiation of Synthetic Biology under the Framework of the CBD14.3Application of Synthetic Biological Products under the Rules of the Biosafety Protocol14.4Conclusion14.5References15A Leap of Faith: Building the Trust in Human Biobanks15.1Introduction15.2Theoretical Foundations of Public Trust in HBs: A Leap of Faith15.3Is There a Universal Formula for the Construction of Public Trust in HBs?15.4Schemes for the Establishment and Reinforcement of Public Trust in HBs15.5Conclusion15.6References

　　电子科技大学马克思主义学院教授/博导，科技伦理治理研究中心主任。2019年5月9日在国际*科学期刊Nature发表国内人文学科领域第一篇研究论文“Reboot Ethics Governance in China”（《重建中国的伦理治理》），在国内首次提出“科技伦理治理”和“伦理先行”概念，并系统阐述科技伦理治理基本原则，相关概念和原则已被系列中央文件和两办《关于加强科技伦理治理意见》采纳。生命伦理学创始研究机构Hastings中心Fellow，中国自然辨证法研究会理事，中国伦理学会常务理事。

　　合成生物学作为认识生命的“钥匙”、改变未来的颠覆性技术，打开了从非生命物质向生命物质转化的大门，实现生命体系的理性设计与编辑，为生命科学研究提供了新范式，促进生物技术迭代发展，成为未来生物产业发展的驱动力。经过２０余年的发展，合成生物学领域已取得系列突破，创新应用逐步实现。近年合成生物学的快速发展也带来了许多伦科学、伦理和治理上的问题和挑战。在科学的维度，合成生物学从生物技术、生物工程学科逐步过渡到现在的形态，其科学特征以及学科体系的基础仍需要进一步说明和澄清。在伦理和治理上，合成生物学的发展和应用引起许多决策者和利益相关方的关切，如是否应该合成生命系统、合成生物学是否会带来分配的不公正、是否有适当的制度来管理这些技术，以及公众如何、何时参与这些决策。《合成生物学：科学、伦理与治理》从合成生物学的学科特征及其发展态势、合成生物学中的重要伦理问题及治理方案和合成生物学的伦理治理框架等方面进行了阐述。